滆湖沉水植物概况及退化原因分析  

Overview and Degradation Reasons of Submerged Macrophytes of Gehu Lake

作　　者：陶花[1] 潘继征[2] 沈耀良[1,3] 李文朝[2] 黄峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215011 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]苏州科技学院江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室,江苏苏州215011

出　　处：《环境科技》2010年第5期64-68,共5页Environmental Science and Technology

基　　金：国家973计划(2008CB418005);国家水专项(2008ZXT101-007-05);江苏省科技厅社会发展项目(BE2009697)联合资助

摘　　要：沉水植物是浅水湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分,具有吸收和固定氮磷营养盐、净化水质等生态功能,了解浅水湖泊的沉水植物分布概况是判断湖泊富营养化进程和进行湖泊生态修复的前提。通过收集整理历史资料和现场调查,发现滆湖在富营养化进程中沉水植物的分布面积和生物量急剧下降,物种减少。2009年沉水植物覆盖度不足全湖的1%,优势种为金鱼藻、菹草和狐尾藻,伴生有黑藻、苦草和马来眼子菜。沉水植物由清水型逐渐演替为耐污型,伴随着沉水植物优势种的演替,滆湖逐渐从清水稳态向浊水稳态转换。另外,在此结合滆湖各个时期沉水植物的分布面积、生物量、优势种和现存量等相关资料,分析其与同一时期各个环境要素和人文活动的相关性,从入湖污染负荷、渔业养殖规模和湖泊水质3方面分析了沉水植物退化的原因,为滆湖沉水植物的恢复提供理论指导。The submerged macrophytes is the important component of the shallow-water lake ecosystem, which could absorb and fix nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorous and purify the lake water. The eutrophication process and ecological restoration can be determined on the premise of better understanding of the distribution of submerged macrophytes of the shallow lakes. This paper collected the historical data and carried on field investigations, then came to a conclusion that the distribution area and biomass of the submerged macrophytes had sharply decreased and the speices had declined in the process of its eutrophication. The coverage of submerged macrophytes had decreased to less than 1% of the Gehu lake, the dominant species were Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton cripus and Myriophyllum verticillatum with Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans and Potamogeton malaianus in 2009. The submerged macrophytes had been succeeded from clean-water type to stain-resistance type, while the Gehu lake had gradually shifted from stable state of clear water to turbid water during the succession of the dominant speices. Combined with the distribution area, biomass, dominant species and exsiting biomass of the submerged maerophytes in different periods of Gehu lake, the correlation between various envrionmental factors and human activities in the same period was also analyzed. Reasons on the degradation of the submerged macrophytes were discussed mainly based on load pollution into the lake, the size of fish farming and water quality. Finally it could give a guide on the restoration of the submerged macrophytes of Gehu lake.

关 键 词：滆湖 沉水植物 退化原因 生态修复 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]