欧盟及其成员国:从自下而上到自上而下  

The EU and Its Member-States:From Bottom Up to Top Down

作　　者：薇薇.安.施密特 杨娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]美国波士顿大学欧洲研究中心 [2]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第5期1-8,38,共9页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：欧洲学术研究从关注成员国对欧盟自下而上的影响转向欧盟对成员国自上而下的欧洲化。关于欧盟及其成员国的理论,学术界主要关注以下几个方面:首先,欧洲一体化的动力究竟是成员国出于维护自身利益而展开的"政府间"合作,还是欧盟制度行为体通过"新功能主义外溢"进行超国家决策。其次,欧盟在权力归属、边界、认同以及管理形式等方面与民族国家相区别,欧盟的决策方式导致"民主赤字"问题难以解决。再次,欧盟的超国家机制通过鼓励社会行为体参与政策制定过程而改变国家行为体制定与执行政策的传统方法。最后,欧盟通过欧洲化进程影响甚至改变成员国的国内政策,但这一过程与部门或领域有关。The concentration of EU academic studies shifts from member states＇ bottom up influence on EU to top down Europeanization on member states.When it comes to the theory of EU and member states,there are some aspects which academic field focus on.Firstly,whether the driver of European integration is intergovernmental cooperation among member states in order to protect their national interests,or supranational decision making among European institutional actors through neo-functional＂spill-over＂. Secondly,there are some differences between EU and member states which include power jurisdiction,boundary,identity and management.＂Democracy deficit＂which is caused by mode of decision making in EU is difficult to solve.Thirdly,supranational institutions in EU impact on the process of member states＇ policy - making process by encouraging social actors＇ participation to change the traditional way of national actors＇ policy-making enforcement.Fourthly,EU affects even changes national politics of member states through Europeanization,but this process is related to policy sector or area.

关 键 词：欧洲一体化 欧洲化 超国家机制 欧洲治理 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学]