不同植被类型的坡面径流侵蚀产沙试验研究  

Effects of vegetation types on hillslope runoff-erosion and sediment yield

作　　者：于国强[1] 李占斌[1,2] 李鹏[1] 张霞 陈磊[1] 贾莲莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省环境科学研究设计院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《水科学进展》2010年第5期593-599,共7页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771124);西安理工大学优秀博士学位论文基金资助项目(106-210911)~~

摘　　要：利用野外模拟降雨试验,研究不同植被类型的侵蚀产沙、径流、地表糙度和入渗规律以及相关关系。结果表明,植被对水沙调控作用大小依次为:植物根系,整个坡面植被,坡面下部植被和坡面上部植被。林草地具有蓄水减沙的水土保持措施功效,该机制通过植物根系对水沙的调控作用实现;草地具有直接拦沙的水土保持功效,该机制通过地表植被对水沙的调控作用体现。累计产沙量随累计径流量呈幂函数递增趋势,具有很好的相关性;坡面径流产沙过程分为发育期、活跃期和稳定期3个阶段。植被覆盖度越大,地表糙度变化越小。A experiment study was conducted to explore the effect of vegetation types on hillslope runoff,erosion,sediment yield,surface roughness and infiltration,as well as the interrelation among these elements.Results reveal that the effectiveness of vegetation regulating on hillslope runoff and sediment yield is in the following order：the plant root,the fully vegetated hillslope surface,the vegetation cover at the lower end of hillslope,and the vegetation cover at the upper end of hillslope.The forest-grassland regulates water storage and sediment yield through its rich root networks.Sedimentation retaining is directly achieved by the surface vegetation of grasslands.The cumulative sediment yield and the cumulative runoff are found to be exponentially correlated.There are three stages of developing,active and stable in the development of hillslope runoff and sediment yield.The richer the vegetation coverage is,the less the surface roughness is.The result is useful for understanding of the runoff generation process at a catchment scale and provides reliable experimental information for the model development.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 植被类型 模拟降雨 坡面径流 试验研究 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]