重庆冰雹气候特征及人工防雹对策  

Climatic Characteristics of Hail and Strategy of Hail Suppression in Chongqing

作　　者：廖向花[1,2] 廖代秀 李轲[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院,兰州730000 [2]重庆市人工影响天气办公室,重庆401147

出　　处：《气象科技》2010年第5期620-624,共5页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：重庆市科技攻关计划项目(CSTC.2008AB0015)"重庆市人工影响天气业务系统建设"资助

摘　　要：利用重庆34个县1960—2004年的气象志、县志资料及1980—2004年的MICAPS资料,对重庆冰雹的时空分布特征、环流背景、冰雹路径等进行了综合分析。重庆冰雹在空间上存在东多西少的特征,东北部山区是冰雹频发地;近50年冰雹具有"少—多—少-多"的非均匀周期变化趋势,20世纪80年代后明显增多;月际变化呈"双峰型"分布,高峰期为4—5月和7—8月,6月相对较少;重庆冰雹天气以局地对流为主,系统性对流次之,产生系统性对流天气的环流背景分为3类,即低涡型、西北气流型和高空低槽型,其中西北气流型是主要影响系统,约占62%。给出了重庆主要冰雹路径图并提出了人工防雹的对策建议,以提高人影作业的科学性和有效性。With the climatographies and MICAPS conventional weather charts from 34 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2004, the spatial and temporal distribution, circulation patterns, and moving paths of hail are analyzed. The results show that the eastern part of Chongqing had more hails than the western part, and the northeastern part had the most; the number of hail days varied unevenly in the past 50 years, with significant increasing after the 1980s; the intermonthly variation showed a double-peak pattern, one peak between April and May and the other between July and August. Hails in Chongqing can mainly attribute to local convection, and then to systematic convection. The circulation background patterns for systematic convection can be divided into three types： vortex, northwest airflow, and upper trough, among which the northwest airflow is the major influencing system （accounting for about 62%）. The moving paths of hails and some suggestions for improving the effectiveness of weather modification are given.

关 键 词：冰雹 时空分布 环流背景 路径 防雹 

分 类 号：P458.121.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]