论李四光教授的庐山第四纪冰川是对泥石流的误读  

On Prof. Lee's Having Misread Debris Flow Deposits as Quaternary Glaciations in the Lushan Area,Jiangxi Province

作　　者：施雅风[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《地质论评》2010年第5期683-692,共10页Geological Review

摘　　要：李四光教授1933年提出庐山存在第四纪冰川,是否确实,长期处于争论之中,争论的焦点在于庐山较广泛分布的泥砾混杂堆积到底是冰期冰碛还是泥石流堆积。笔者经多年研究得知:(1)牯岭站海拔1165m,现代气候记录告知,7月之气温必须下降20℃,处此高度的庐山才具备积雪成冰的条件,从而判断中纬度山地冰期降温无此可能;(2)沉积物特征包括砾石组成、砾径変化、基质组成、沉积结构、色泽、粘土矿物、擦痕特点等表明主要是泥石流堆积而非冰碛;(3)包围砾石的网纹红土与孢粉组成表明,沉积时期为暖温带—亚热带湿热环境,而并非寒冷冰川环境;(4)借助何培元等著作中古地磁年代以及高价铁与低价铁元素之比值推算古温度,如上述推算古温度的方法正确,就可推断李四光所定庐山冰期、大姑冰期、鄱阳冰期及何培元定的大排冰期基本上在中国西部与北半球处于间冰期的时段内,排除了具有积雪成冰川的可能性。李四光的学术误解及其社会名望导致中国东部第四纪冰川的研究走过了一段弯路。Lushan Quaternary glacial theory,advocated by Professor Lee J. S. （Li Siguang）,has been argued for a long time. The bone of contention focuses on which the boulder clay melange actually is：glacial moraine or debris flow deposits. After years of research,writer learned that：（1） The altitude of Guling station is 1165m. Ice formation at such altitude in Lushan seems to impossible,for the modern climate records showed that it is impossible to fall 20 ℃ in July in mid-latitude mountainous area during glacial period. （2） Sediment in this area characterized by gravel compositions,variable granularity,matrix composition,sedimentary structure,color,clay and scratch,indicating that the boulder clay melange actually is debris flow deposits. （3） The compositions of vermiculated red soil and pollen in bounding gravel showed that the sedimentary period was characterized by the warm temperate—subtropical humid environment,rather than cold glacier environment. （4） Based on the paleomagnetic times and paleotemperature,based on the ratio of the ferric ion to ferrous ion mentioned in He Peiyuan＇s work,showed that Lushan Glaciation,Dagu Glaciation and Poyang Glaciation advocated by Professor Lee,associated with Dapai Glaciation advocated by Professor He were all in interglacial period in western China and northern hemisphere,which indicated that the possibility of ice formation during such time in Lushan area was excluded. Lee＇s academic misunderstanding and social status is an obstacle to the Quaternary Glacial study in eastern China.

关 键 词：第四纪冰川假说 泥砾混杂堆积 泥石流 冰期—间冰期 庐山 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]