高精度初至自动拾取综合方法研究  

THE IMPROVEMENT OF AUTOMATIC FIRST BREAK PICKING BASED ON ENERGY RATIO

作　　者：徐钰[1,2] 段卫星[2] 徐维秀[2] 曾维辉[3] 徐雷良[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学计算机与通信工程学院,山东东营257061 [2]胜利石油管理局地球物理勘探开发公司,山东东营257100 [3]中国石油大学地球资源与信息学院,山东东营257061

出　　处：《物探与化探》2010年第5期595-599,共5页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：国家863基金资助项目(2006AA09Z309)

摘　　要：初至拾取是地震信号处理的关键环节,其精度和效率是资料处理的重要指标。针对常规地震资料,特别是浅海地震资料信噪比相对较高的情况,探讨了改进的能量比法,来确保拾取精度的前提下,实现过程的自动化。在传统能量比方法的基础上,研究了两种改进方法:利用边界检测和稳定因子解决"起跳不干脆"现象,利用多时窗识别折射波与直达波交混处的初至;利用奇异值的处理方法和可变时移量相位推算技术,解决精度和效率问题。模型和实际资料处理结果表明:综合时窗、相位、能量等多种因素,改进后的方法针对常规地震资料具有拾取准确、计算速度快、自动化程度高等优势。The key link of seismic signal processing is first break picking,whose accuracy and efficiency constitute an important index of data processing.As in conventional seismic data,especially in shallow seismic data,the signal-to-noise ratio is relatively high,the paper discusses the improvement of the energy ratio method,i.e.,the realization of the automation of the process under the prerequisite of ensuring the accuracy.Based on the traditional energy ratio method,the authors have studied two methods which use edge detection and stability factor to solve the ＂multiple first arrive＂ phenomenon,and proposed a multiple-window energy ratio method to identify first arrival time between refraction wave and direct wave.To solve the problem of accuracy and efficiency,the authors suggest using the singular values of processing methods and variable phase shift technique.The model and actual data processing results indicate that,with the integration of energy,window and phase factors,the improved means of conventional seismic data has a better pick accuracy and automation,and the computational efficiency is rapid too.

关 键 词：能量比 初至拾取 单道边界检测 稳定因子 多时窗 奇异值处理 可变时移量 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]