海冰水灌溉对不同施肥方式下土壤盐分运移及棉花的影响  

Effects of sea ice water irrigation and different fertilizations on soil salinality dynamics and cotton

作　　者：胡育骄[1] 王小彬[1] 赵全胜[1] 郑妍[1] 武雪萍[1] 蔡典雄[1,2] 吴会军[1] 许映军[3] 顾卫[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与养分循环重点实验室,北京100081 [2]农业部旱作节水农业重点实验室,北京100081 [3]北京师范大学,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第9期20-27,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB109305);国家"863"计划项目(2006AA100220;2006AA100206);国际科技合作项目(2006DFB32180)

摘　　要：为研究海冰水灌溉配套农艺措施,以改良盐碱化耕地和荒地,该文采用海冰水灌溉,结合4种施肥措施:无机肥(传统施肥)、有机肥与无机肥配施、土壤调理剂与无机肥配施和不施肥处理(CK),研究海冰水灌溉不同施肥措施对土壤盐分及离子运移、棉花产量的影响。结果表明:1)2007-2008年,海冰水灌溉0～100cm土层内各层次土壤脱盐率可达40.2%,0～40cm土层Na+和Cl-的离子浓度显著降低;2)2007年,海冰水灌溉施加液膜处理0～100cm土层土壤洗盐量为11210kg/hm2,未作液膜的处理反盐量高达2610kg/hm2;3)2007-2008年,海冰水灌溉不同农艺措施棉花籽棉产量高低为:CK(不施肥)<无机肥<有机肥与无机肥配施<土壤调理剂与无机肥配施,2008年海冰水灌溉调理剂与无机肥配施处理籽棉产量较传统施肥处理高568kg/hm2。连续2a使用海冰水灌溉配合合理的农艺措施,可以有效淋洗土壤盐分,避免造成土壤次生盐渍化。In order to investigate the agronomic measures of irrigation by sea-ice water,amending the wasteland and alkaline arable land,the present study was for the purpose of investigating the effects of amelioration measures on soil salt dynamics and cotton yield under sea ice water irrigation.Four amelioration measures were inorganic fertilizer,inorganic ＋ organic fertilizers,inorganic fertilizer ＋ soil conditioner,and control （no fertilizer）.The results showed that：（1） from 2007 to 2008,the soil salt in 1 m soil profile decreased with sea ice water irrigation.The soil desalting efficiency was about 40.2%.Na＋ and Cl-in 0-40 soil layer were significantly decreased too;（2） the soil desalting efficiency in 1 m soil profile with sea ice water irrigation and PAM was 33820 kg/hm^2 higher than that without PAM.The desalting efficiencies for Na^＋ and Cl^-in the plow layers with PAM were also significant.（3） 2007-2008,cotton yield with different fertilization methods under irrigation with sea ice water were CK （no fertilizer）inorganic〈 fertilizers〈 inorganic ＋ organic fertilizers〈inorganic fertilizers ＋ soil conditioner fertilizer.Inorganic fertilizers ＋ soil conditioner fertilizer was ca.568 kg/hm^2 higher than inorganic fertilizers in yield of cotton.Continued irrigation with sea ice water in two years could effectively reduce soil salt and avoid secondary salinization.

关 键 词：海冰 盐分 棉花 土壤盐分动态 肥料 脱盐率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]