RNA干扰技术在动物抗病育种中的应用前景  

The application prospect of RNAi technology in animal breeding for disease resistance

作　　者：鲍永华[1] 郭永臣[1] 赵志辉[2] 李宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农业生物技术国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]吉林大学畜牧兽医学院,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2010年第10期1402-1408,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育重大专项课题(2008ZX08006-001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30972085)

摘　　要：动物疾病尤其是病毒性疾病一直是畜牧业亟待解决的问题,随着转基因技术的出现,生产遗传修饰动物来抵抗特定传染病的策略备受关注。从长远利益来看,这种基因工程动物从遗传本质上提高了畜禽的抗病能力。转基因抗病育种在未来可能成为减少动物传染性疾病的最有前途的方法之一。RNA干扰是双链RNA特异性诱导同源基因表达沉默的现象。研究证实,RNA干扰在细胞水平,小鼠模型以及动物个体的抗病毒效果是非常明显的,RNA干扰技术作为抗病毒策略为生产抗病转基因动物提供了光明的应用前景。RNA干扰技术介导的抗病转基因动物的研究相继取得了阶段性进展,抗疯牛病转基因羊和牛以及抗内源性逆转录病毒猪已经成功获得,虽然目前获得的转基因动物类型有限,但为继续生产抗病转基因家畜提供了有效的参考和依据。Animal diseases,particularly viral disease has been a serious problem of animal husbandry.With the emergence of transgenic technology,the genetically modified animals resistant to certain infectious diseases attract more concerns.From the long-term interests,such genetically engineered animals increased disease resistance on the genetic nature.Transgenic breeding for disease resistance may be the most promising methods of reducing animal infectious diseases in the future.RNA interference is the phenomenon that double-stranded RNA specially induces homologous gene silencing.The studies verified that RNAi can effectively inhibit virus duplication in cultured cells in vitro,mice and big animals in vivo.As a strategy of anti-viral resistance,RNA interference technology provides a bright application prospect for the production of transgenic animals.The progress has been achieved in studies of RNA interference-mediated transgenic animals resistant to disease.At present,genetically modified sheep and cattle resistant to prion protein（PrP）,as well as pig anti-virus,porcine endogenous retrovirus（PERV） have been achieved.The available species of transgenic animals is limited,but these results provide a valid basis for the continued production of disease-resistant transgenic livestock.

关 键 词：RNA干扰 抗病毒感染 遗传修饰 抗病育种 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]