初期保护性耕作和秸秆还田对土壤物理特性及大豆玉米产量的影响  

Impact of Initial Conservation Tillage and Stubble Retention on Soil Physical Properties,Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and Corn (Zea may L.) Yield Performances

作　　者：林蔚刚[1] 吴俊江[1] 董德健[1] 钟鹏[1] 王金生[1] 周全[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省八五二农场,黑龙江宝清155600

出　　处：《大豆科学》2010年第5期760-766,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD89B05-09;2009BADA8B02);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划资助项目(2006-G5);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(C2007-13)

摘　　要：在黑龙江垦区852农场研究了初期保护性耕作和秸秆还田对土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤容重和机械阻力等土壤物理特性及对玉米、大豆产量的影响,为中长期保护性耕作和秸秆还田的应用提供理论依据。试验于2009年进行,轮作顺序为大豆-玉米-玉米;大豆试验圃(前茬为玉米)和玉米试验圃(前茬为玉米)处理为免耕、灭茬还田、旋耕还田和传统耕作;玉米试验圃(前茬为大豆)处理包括免耕、直播还田、旋耕还田和传统耕作。结果表明:大豆试验圃(前茬为玉米)免耕和灭茬还田处理生育前期的土壤温度分别比传统耕作低3.38℃和2.6℃,玉米圃(前茬为大豆)免耕和直播处理同期的土壤温度分别比传统耕作低1.93℃和1.39℃;春季播种期大豆试验圃(前茬为玉米)免耕和灭茬还田处理的土壤体积含水量分别高于传统耕作9.3%和4.8%,玉米试验圃(前作为大豆)免耕和直播还田处理的土壤体积含水量分别高于传统耕作16.0%和12.6%;此外,免耕模式的5～20 cm深度的土壤容重和0～25 cm的土壤机械阻力均显著高于传统耕作模式,但是均未达到对作物根系生长产生抑制的阀值;免耕和灭茬/直播还田模式前期的耕层低温并未对产量构成不利影响,与传统耕作相比并未显著减产。The objective of this work in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area was to study the effects of conservation tillage and stubble retention on soil temperature, soil water content, some other soil physical properties and yield performances of corn and soybean. This work would provide theoretical basis for mid- and long- term conservation tillage and stubble retention pro- grams. The experiment was conducted in 2009 with the crop sequence of soybean-corn-corn. The experiment consisted of till- age treatments （no till, NT; root-stubble chopped off with stubble retention, RCSR; rotary tillage with stubble retention, RTSR; conventional tillage, CT） in soybean （ corn as previous crop） , corn （ corn as previous crop） and corn （ soybean as previous crop） plots. The soil temperatures were 3.38℃ and 2.6℃ lower under NT and RCSR than CT in soybean plots （corn as previous crop） , and were 1.93℃ and 1.39℃ lower under NT and DDSR than CT in corn plots（ soybean as previ- ous crop） , respectively. Soil volumetric water content, during the planting season, were 9.3 % and 4.8% higher on both NT and RCSR than on CT in soybean plots（ corn as previous crop） , and were 16.0 % and 12.6 % higher on NT and DDSR than on CT in corn plots（soybean as previous crop）. Bulk density at 5-20 em soil depth and penetration resistance at 0-25 cm were higher significantly on NT and SRRC/ DDSR than CT, however, they did not exceed their threshold values respec- tively. Lower temperature under NT and RCSR/ DDSR did not impaet on soybean/corn yield adversely in contrast with CT during their first growing periods.

关 键 词：免耕 土壤含水量 土壤温度 土壤容重 土壤机械阻力 大豆 玉米 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S513S141.4