淮河流域脆弱生态区生态系统特征及区划  

Ecosystem Characteristics and Regionalization of Vulnerable Ecological Region of Huaihe River Basin

作　　者：陈杰[1,2] 欧阳志云[1] 郑华[1] 徐卫华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]阜阳师范学院生命科学学院,安徽阜阳236041

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第10期169-174,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(No.2006BAC01A01);国家环保公益性行业科研专项课题(No.200809072);安徽省高校自然科学基金课题(No.KJ2007B021)资助

摘　　要：脆弱生态区是指稳定性差、对外界干扰比较敏感,在遇到不利干扰时容易向生态退化方向发展的生态环境区域。研究以淮河流域为案例,通过生态敏感性评价,分析了流域脆弱生态区生态系统的特征。分析结果表明,山地、丘陵生态系统对土壤侵蚀、酸雨比较敏感,盐渍化和沙漠化敏感区则主要分布在平原地区。综合生态敏感性以中度及以上敏感为主,几乎没有不敏感区。极敏感区主要分布在桐柏山、大别山和苏东沿海,高度敏感区分布在沂蒙山区、江淮丘陵和桐柏山,分别占流域面积的15.0%、9.0%。在生态敏感性评价的基础上,根据区划的原则和主要生态环境问题,采用自上而下的分区方法和GIS技术,提出了淮河流域脆弱生态区3级区划方案。方案将整个流域划分为3个脆弱生态区1、3个脆弱生态亚区和43个脆弱生态地区,一级分区即伏牛山-淮阳山水土流失酸雨脆弱生态区、黄淮平原盐渍化沙漠化脆弱生态区和山东丘陵水土流失脆弱生态区。脆弱生态分区为确定淮河流域脆弱生态区退化生态系统整治恢复的重点和措施提供了重要依据。Vulnerable ecological region is a kind of eco-environment region with poor stability and highly sensitive to interference, which is often easier to degrade in the face of negative disturbance. Taken Huaihe River Basin as a case study, ecosystem characteristics of vulnerable ecological region were analyzed through evaluation of ecosystem sensitivity. As revealed, mountain and hilly ecosystems were the more sensitive to soil erosion and acid than other types, while the areas being sensitive to salinization and desertifization were mainly distributed in the plains. For integrated ecological sensitivity, the moderate sensitive areas occupied the majority of Huaihe River Basin, and there were almost no non- sensitive areas. The extremely sensitive areas and highly sensitive areas accounted for 15.0% and 9.0% of the whole valley, respectively. Some places in Tongbaishan Mountain, Dabieshan Mountain and eastern coast of Jiangsu Province were the most sensitive, and highly sensitive areas were distributed in Yimeng Mountain, Jianghuai hilly areas and Tongbaishan Mountain. On the basis of regionalization principles and ecosystem sensitivity evaluation, the Huaihe River Basin＇ s regionalization scheme of vulnerable ecological region was proposed by the ＂topdown＂ method and with the support of GIS technology. In the scheme, 3 vulnerable ecoregions, 13 vulnerable sub-ecoregions and 43 vnlnemble ecodistricts were divided. It provides an important reference for the region to determine priorities and measures of degraded ecosystem restoration.

关 键 词：脆弱生态区 生态敏感性 生态环境问题 区划 淮河流域 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学] X32[生物学—普通生物学]