与鱼道设计相关的鱼类游泳行为研究  

Fish Swimming Performance Related to Fishway Design

作　　者：郑金秀[1] 韩德举[1] 胡望斌[1] 王翔[1] 张晓敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2010年第5期104-110,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：水利部引进国际先进水利科学技术计划("948"计划)(200803);国家水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200701008);水利部公益性行业专项(200701029)

摘　　要：当前鱼类生境遭受破坏,渔业资源日益减少,修建鱼道等过鱼设施已成为减缓水利工程建设所致不利影响的重要举措。纵观世界各国,早期的鱼道建设往往因为缺乏对鱼类的了解而最终成为摆设。我国的鱼道建设起步晚,其再度兴起需要更可靠的生物学信息。鱼类的游泳能力及行为关系着鱼道设计的各个方面,决定着设计的成败。针对鱼道设计,综述了国内外几十年来鱼类游泳行为的研究成果。鱼类的游泳速度可分为3类,即持续游泳速度、耐久游泳速度和突进游泳速度,其中与鱼道设计密切相关的是后2者。影响鱼类游泳速度的因素既有生物个体因素也有环境因素,主要包括摆尾频率、体长、疲劳时间、温度及耗氧量等。还简述了鱼类游泳行为学在鱼道设计中的应用,我国针对过鱼设施建设的鱼类行为学研究极少,总结国外的研究方法和经验成果可为我国的过鱼设施建设提供生物学基础,进而促进该领域的发展。With the habitat destruction and fishery resources dwindling, fishway and other facilities have become important measures to mitigate the disadvantages of water conservancy construction. While early worldwide fishway construction mostly became decorations without consideration of fish. The re - rise of fishway construction in China need more reliable biological informations. The fish swimming performance is related to fishway design and deter- mines its success or failure. Aiming at the fishway design, paper reviewed the decades of research achievements of fish swimming performance at home and abroad. Fish swimming performance has been classified into three distinct categories： sustained speed, prolonged speed and burst speed, among which the latter two are closely related to fishway design. Fish swimming speeds are affected by biological and physical constraints, including tail beat,length, time to exhaustion, temperature and oxygen consumption etc. Finally, the article describes the application of fish swimming performance in fishway design. Fish swimming performance research has been seldom reported in China, so that summary of research method and experience abroad can provide biological basis for our fish facilities construction and promote its development.

关 键 词：鱼道设计 游泳速度 鱼类行为 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学] S956.3[农业科学—水产养殖]