不同氮效率水稻品种的群体发育特征  

Canopy growth characteristics of rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiency

作　　者：王东升[1,2] 樊剑波[1,3] 叶利庭[1] 宋文静[1] 图尔迪[1] 张亚丽[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京市蔬菜科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2010年第5期101-106,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771290);国家大学生创新性实验计划项目(091030725);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(Y052010013)

摘　　要：选用3个氮高效水稻品种(武运粳7号、南光和4007)和1个氮低效水稻品种(Elio),在田间试验条件下研究了7个施氮水平(0、60、120、180、240、300和360kg·hm-2)下水稻的产量及产量构成、茎蘖变化动态、库容量以及光合产物和根系伤流强度的变化。结果表明:在7个施氮水平下氮高效水稻品种的籽粒产量均显著高于Elio,籽粒产量的差异主要是由穗数决定。Elio的最大茎蘖数与氮高效水稻差异不显著,但其成穗率仅为25%左右,而3个氮高效水稻的成穗率为35%～49%,最终导致氮高效水稻的库容量大,差异呈显著水平。不同氮效率水稻品种齐穗期的叶面积指数差异不显著,但齐穗期后Elio的群体光合速率下降比4007快;不同氮效率水稻品种齐穗前的生物产量无差异,齐穗期后氮高效水稻品种的生物产量显著高于Elio。与地上部分生长相对应的是,从分蘖期到齐穗期后30d氮高效水稻4007的根系伤流强度显著比氮低效水稻Elio高。Field experiment was conducted to study grain yields and yield components,dynamics of stems and tillers number,sink capacity,carbohydrate and bleeding sap in three high （ Wuyunjing 7,Nanguang and 4007） and one low （ Elio） nitrogen use efficiency （ NUE） rice cultivars. Results followed as listed. Compared to Elio,the three high NUE rice cultivars had higher grain yields under seven nitrogen levels （ 0,60,120,180,240,300 and 360 kg·hm^-2 ） . The difference in grain yield between high and low NUE rice cultivars mainly resulted from the difference in panicles. During the stem and tillering development,Elio had the same number of tillers as the three high NUE rice cultivars,however,Elio had less productive tillers （ 25% ） than the three others （ 35%49% ） . This resulted in less sink capacity in Elio than in three high NUE rice cultivars. No difference was found in leaf area index at heading stage between high and low NUE rice cultivars,however,canopy apparent photosynthesis rate decreased more sharply in Elio than that in 4007. After heading stage,the biomass accumulation in Elio was much lower than three high NUE rice cultivars. The bleeding sap in Elio was less than that in 4007 from tillering stage to 30 d after heading stage.

关 键 词：水稻 氮效率 群体发育 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]