德国生态林业的经营思想、主要措施及其启示  

Ecological Forest Management and Main Measures and its Usefulness in German

作　　者：张志达 李世东 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局生态工程管理中心 [2]国家林业局生态工程管理中心 北京市 100714

出　　处：《林业经济》1999年第2期62-71,共10页Forestry Economics

摘　　要：德国是世界上林业发达的国家,其主要特点表现在:森林资源丰富且分布均匀;管理机构运转协调;以私有林为主体的多种森林所有制并存;森林经营水平较高;木材及其加工业发达。早在18世纪德国就在世界上首先提出了森林永续利用的经营思想,20世纪德国林业逐渐调整形成了可持续经营思想。近年来大力提倡近自然林业的经营方式,充分发挥森林的生态功能,并采取了一系列调整措施:国有林承担起生态功能的主体作用;国家积极引导私有林生态功能的发挥;改变森林采伐利用方式;大力改造现有林,采取措施拯救森林;建立森林生态监测网络等。德国生态林业建设的措施和经验对我国重点林业生态工程建设具有一定的借鉴作用。German is one of developed forestry countries with characteristics of abundant for- est resources and even distribution,harmonious institutions,multi-ownership with private dominance,high quality of forest resource management,high development of wood process- ing industry.German is the first country in the world adopting sustained yield management in 18 century and has adjusted its guidance of forestry management to sustainable develop- ment since 20 century,natural forest management model has been adopted in recent years to play the ecological roles.The corresponding forestry measures have been taken,state-run forests play key roles in ecological management,and private forests are advocated to manage for ecological purposes,harvesting models has been changed,current forests have been im- proved,forest resource management monitoring network has been established.China could be learnt from the experience of Germany forestry development.

关 键 词：德国林业 生态林业 发展 经营思想 启示 

分 类 号：F351.662[经济管理—产业经济]