中国血吸虫病流行地区农村户厕粪便寄生虫虫卵状况分析  

Analysis of the status of parasitic ova in latrine night soil in areas of China where schistosomiasis is prevalent

作　　者：魏海春[1] 孔林汛[2] 田洪春[3] 李秋娟[4] 汪峰峰[5] 杭德荣[6] 黄涛[7] 熊孟韬[8] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心,北京102200 [2]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,湖北武汉430079 [3]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041 [4]江西省疾病预防控制中心,江西南昌330029 [5]安徽省血吸虫病防治研究所,安徽合肥230061 [6]江苏省寄生虫病防治研究所,江苏无锡214064 [7]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005 [8]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国病原生物学杂志》2010年第10期758-761,共4页Journal of Pathogen Biology

摘　　要：目的了解我国血吸虫病流行地区农村人群粪便寄生虫虫卵的状况和卫生厕所的无害化效果。方法在中国目前仍然存在血吸虫病流行的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南、四川7个省,随机抽取流行县、村,每村采集30个农户厕所粪便样品。样品的采集、检测按照《粪便无害化卫生标准》（GB7959-87）规定的方法进行。结果 1 200份非卫生户厕贮粪池粪便样品和卫生厕所进粪口粪便样品,寄生虫虫卵平均数44.12个/100 ml（0～2 610个/100 ml）,41.7%的样品检出寄生虫虫卵;活蛔虫卵平均数3.70个/100 ml（0～165个/100 ml）,30.1%的样品检出活蛔虫卵。840份卫生厕所出粪口粪液样品,寄生虫虫卵平均数24.33个/100 ml（0～600个/100 ml）,28.5%的样品检出寄生虫虫卵;活蛔虫卵平均数0.61个/100ml（0～86个/100ml）。379个无害化卫生厕所平均寄生虫虫卵沉降率为48.44%（-41.50%～100.00%）,平均活蛔虫卵死亡率为84.43%（-19.71%～100.00%）。结论中国血吸虫病流行地区农村人群粪便中寄生虫虫卵数量较少、检出率低,卫生厕所能够有效控制和杀灭寄生虫虫卵。Objective To ascertain the status of parasitic ova in latrine night soil and effect of decontamination of sanitary latrines in areas of China where schistosomiasis is prevalent.Methods Counties and villages where schistosomiasis was prevalent were sampled randomly from a total of 7 provinces where schistosomiasis was prevalent,including Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,Jiangsu,Yunnan,and Sichuan.Thirty night soil samples were collected from household latrines in each village.The methods of sample collection and testing were based on the Sanitary Standards for Treatment of Night Soil（GB7959-87）.Results There were 44.12 parasitic ova per 100 ml of night soil on average（0-2610 per 100 ml） in 1 200 night soil samples collected from both non-sanitary latrines and the openings of sanitary latrines.Parasitic ova were detected at a rate of 41.7%,and the number of living ova was 3.70 per 100 ml（0-165 per 100 ml） on average,for a detection rate of 30.1%.Among the other 840 samples collected from the outlets of sanitary latrines,the number of parasitic ova was 24.33 per 100 ml（0-600 per 100 ml） on average,for a detection rate of 28.5%.The number of living ova was 0.61 per 100 ml（0-86 per 100 ml） on average.The rate of sedimentation of parasitic ova was 48.44% on average among 379 sanitary latrines and the mortality rate of parasitic ova was 84.43% on average.Conclusion The low rate of parasitic ova detected in night soil of sanitary latrines proved that sanitizing latrines is effective at controlling and killing parasitic ova.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 卫生厕所 寄生虫虫卵 粪便无害化 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]