生物膜法应用于白洋淀湿地生态监测的基质筛选研究  

Application of Biofilm for Ecological Monitoring in Baiyangdian:Substrate Selection

作　　者：王雪梅[1] 刘静玲[1] 马牧源[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第10期1876-1883,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2006CB403403);国家自然科学基金委员会主任基金(No.40940012);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2008ZX07209-009)

摘　　要：生物膜能够从群落水平上表征水生态系统的状态,研究应用生物膜的生态快速监测方法具有重要意义和应用前景。本研究以白洋淀湿地为例,综合运用原位生物膜法、群落分析法和生理生态学方法,通过分析生物膜的生物量、叶绿素、藻类群落组成、胞外酶活性和多糖等指标,对形成于不同人工和天然基质上的生物膜进行比较研究,筛选出了适于草型湖泊湿地的原位生物膜基质。结果表明:不同的基质类型对生物膜的结构和功能产生显著影响。活性炭纤维上形成的生物膜与天然基质芦苇杆的生物膜在结构和功能上相似度高,差异度小于5%,而竹竿上生物膜的结构与前两者明显不同。活性炭纤维作为基质培养生物膜,经过10 d培养即可达到稳定,可应用于白洋淀这类草型湖泊湿地的快速生态监测中,需进一步在不同水体单元进行研究,建立标准化方法并推广应用。Biofilms can be regarded as community-level monitoring systems for aquatic ecosystems.Considering the necessity of monitoring pollutants and protecting the aquatic environment of the Baiyangdian Lake,we highlight the potential application of biofilms as biomonitors and select substrata in the Lake dominated by aquatic plants.This study was carried out to investigate the bioflims formed on different sub-strata by integrated use of in situ biofilm,community analysis and methods of physiological ecology.We compared the biological characters of the biofilms by measuring their biomass,Chlorophyll concentration,algal community,extracellular enzyme activity of bacterial communities and polysaccharide content.The results showed that the structure and function of biofilms were controlled by different substrata.The biofilms on reed stem surface and those on carbon-fiber membrane had similar structures and functions with the difference of less than 5%.The biofilm on bamboo significantly differed from the former two.10 days is suitable cultivation time for activated carbon fiber in order to make the status of biofilm on activated carbon fiber become stable.The biofilm on carbon-fiber membrane is recommended for rapid ecological monitoring of the lakes dominated by aquatic plants,e.g.Baiyangdian Lake,and further biomonitoring investigations will be needed among different water bodies to establish standardized methods of bioflim monitoring and widely use.

关 键 词：生物膜 生态监测 基质筛选 白洋淀 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]