海河流域种植业非点源污染负荷量估算  

Estimation on Non-point Source Pollution Loads of Crop Farming in Hai Basin

作　　者：朱梅[1] 吴敬学[1] 张希三[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081 [2]水利部天津勘测设计院,天津300222

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第10期1907-1915,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：全球环境基金(GEF)海河流域水资源与水环境综合管理项目<海河流域农业非点源污染防治战略研究>

摘　　要：建立种植业输出系数模型,从省级行政区和水资源三级区两个层面分别估算了2007年海河流域地表径流和地下淋溶两种方式总氮和总磷的流失量及流失比例。2007年,全流域地表径流总氮流失量为51 966 t,总磷为7 976 t。从各省来看,河北省所占比例最大,总氮流失量占57%,总磷占58%;从三级区来看,徒骇马颊河平原和黑龙港及运东平原所占比例最大,分别占总氮流失量的20%和15%,总磷流失量的20%和16%。全流域地下淋溶总氮流失量为195 875 t,总磷为140 t。从各省来看,河北省所占比例也是最大,总氮流失量占55%,总磷占53%;从三级区来看,徒骇马颊河平原和黑龙港及运东平原所占比例也是最大,分别占总氮流失量的19%和13%。Chemical fertilizer applied in crop farming is one of the main sources of agricultural non-point source（NPS）pollution.There are two patterns of chemical fertilizer NPS pollution,one is polluted by surface runoff,and the other is polluted by underground leaching.First,we divided the whole river basin into fifteen water districts according to its water system and landform.Then we estimated the NPS loads by way of surface runoff and underground leaching on the basis of each county.Finally we added up the NPS loads of all counties in each water district and each province respectively.By setting up and applying Export Coefficient Modeling approach for crop farming,the thesis estimat-ed TN and TP loads by means of surface runoff and underground leaching in Hai Basin on the basis of each province and water district.Vary-ing export coefficient was adopted according to different landform and precipitation.In 2007,TN loads through surface runoff totaled 51 966 t,TP loads 7 976 t,in which Hebei Province accounted for the largest proportion of 57% and 58% respectively;Tuhaimajiahe Plain and Heilonggang Yundong Plain occupied the biggest share of 20% and 15% for TN loads,20% and 16% for TP loads respectively.TN loads through underground leaching totaled 195 875 t,TP loads 140 t,in which Hebei Province accounted for the largest proportion of 55% and 53% respectively;Tuhaimajiahe Plain and Heilonggang Yundong Plain occupied the biggest share of 19% and 13% for TN respectively.

关 键 词：海河流域 种植业 非点源污染负荷量 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]