四种禾本科牧草对官厅水库库滨荒地的培肥效应研究  

Effects of four gramineous pasture grasses on soil physicochemical properties in wasteland at the buffer zone of Guanting Reservoir

作　　者：肖波[1] 武菊英[1] 王庆海[1] 尧水红[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097

出　　处：《草业学报》2010年第5期113-121,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(2009);北京市科技新星计划(2009B25)资助

摘　　要：在官厅水库库滨选择典型荒滩荒坡地,种植苇状羊茅、老芒麦、无芒雀麦和草地雀麦4种禾本科牧草,对比研究其生长特征及种植后对表层土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,所选4种牧草表现较为近似,其在荒滩荒地上均可正常生长,且平均每年可提供10.99t/hm2的干饲料,同时显著改善了土壤理化性质,具有较好的培肥改土效应。4种牧草种植2年后,平均可使表层土壤粘粒含量显著增加14%,粉粒含量显著减少21%,大于0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量增加112%,土壤容重显著降低15%,同时还可使土壤有机质含量显著增加227%,全氮含量显著增加76%,全磷、碱解氮、速效磷含量分别增加66%,41%和4%。综合认为,官厅水库库滨种植的4种禾本科牧草可在产生一定经济效益的同时显著改善表层土壤理化性质,兼具一定的经济效益和生态效益,对荒地土壤的持续培育和科学利用具有重要作用。Four gramineous pasture grasses（Festuca arundinacea,Elymus sibiricus,Bromus inermis and Bromus riparius）were planted in representative wasteland of the buffer zone of Guanting reservoir.After 2years,the surface soils（0-30cm）were sampled and analyzed to explore the effects of pasture grasses on soil physicochemical properties.The four pasture grasses grew well on the wasteland and produced 10.99t/ha dry forage ayear which can be used to feed livestock.The physicochemical properties of the wasteland soil were considerably improved by the physical,chemical and biological effects of the pasture grasses,but the effects were not significant between them.In terms of physical properties,the clay was significantly increased by 14% silt was significantly reduced by 21%,the soil water-stable aggregates with particle size〉0.25mm increased by 112%,the bulk density was significantly reduced by 15%and soil porosity was also considerably improved.In terms of chemical properties,soil organic matter was significantly increased by 227%,total nitrogen by 76%,and total phosphorus,available nitrogen and available phosphorous were increased by 66%,41%,and 4%,respectively.We conclude that planting the four gramineous pasture grasses on the wasteland will generate both significant ecological and some economic benefits.This pattern may be a possible solution for the remediation and utilization of wasteland in northern China.

关 键 词：苇状羊茅 老芒麦 草地雀麦 无芒雀麦 荒滩荒地治理 废弃土地利用 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]