南方雨雪冰冻灾害过程的冻雨天气及积雪监测  

Freezing rain and snow disaster in the south of China and its snow cover monitoring

作　　者：李小龙[1] 付翔 金山[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [2]国家海洋预报台,北京100081 [3]北京大学物理学院,北京100871 [4]民航华北空管局气象中心,北京100621

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2010年第5期88-95,共8页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50878187);中国博士后科研基金资助项目(20080431267)

摘　　要：2008年初,我国南方出现了罕见的大范围低温雨雪冰冻天气灾害。在整理灾害过程期间南方地区冻雨天气探空曲线后,发现我国东部低海拔地区冻雨天气的发生机制与高海拔的贵州中西部冻雨天气的发生机制有所不同。我国南方地区由于处于低纬度地区,地面积雪多为湿雪、薄雪。雪内少量液态水就能导致微波亮温值急剧上升,大大改变雪层观测辐射信号。利用南方地区积雪冻融变化时微波亮温昼夜之间的差异变化,使用被动微波数据(SSM/I)建立了一种针对低纬度南方地区积雪监测的补充方法,从而可以获得更加完整的低纬度地区积雪覆盖图像。A rarely severe cryogenic freezing rain and snow disaster occurred in widespread southern China from January to early February in 2008.According to the thermosonde curves,it appears that the mechanism of freezing-rain in the eastern China is different from that in mid-western Guizhou with high-altitude.Most snow cover in the low-latitude southern China is thin and wet.A little liquid water in snow could sharply raise the microwave brightness temperature,therefore change the radiation signal.Based on the variation of brightness temperature value between day and night during snow freezing-thawing process in southern China,a compensating way of snow monitoring in lower latitude was built by using the passive microwave data（DMSP-SSM/I）,which combined with other snow remote sense products could offer more information about snow distribution.

关 键 词：低温雨雪冰冻灾害 被动微波遥感 湿雪 冻雨 

分 类 号：P458.121[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]