长期施肥对黄棕壤性水稻土生物学特性的影响  

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Biological Characteristics in a Paddy Soil Derived from Yellow-Brown Earth

作　　者：裴雪霞[1,2] 周卫[1] 梁国庆[1] 孙静文[1] 王秀斌[1] 艾超[1] 李双来[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾041000 [3]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第20期4198-4206,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2007CB109307);农业公益性行业科研专项(201003016);国家水稻产业技术体系课题;国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD25B01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2010-1)

摘　　要：【目的】土壤生物肥力是土壤质量的直接反映,研究长期施肥对土壤生物学特性的影响可以为提高土壤质量及农田可持续利用提供理论依据。【方法】本文以长期不施肥(CK)为对照,研究长期单施氮肥(N)、氮、磷配施(NP)、氮、磷、钾配施(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机肥+氮磷钾(MNPK)配施对黄棕壤性水稻土磷脂脂肪酸含量(PLFA)、微生物量碳、微生物量氮和微生物量磷(SMBC、SMBN、SMBP)、及与氮磷转化有关的水解酶活性的影响。【结果】长期施用有机肥显著提高了土壤总PLFA含量、真菌/细菌比值、真菌PLFA相对含量、SMBC、SMBN、SMBP含量,及土壤碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和脲酶活性,促进AM菌根的生长;而长期单施氮肥处理抑制了磷酸酶活性及大多数菌群生长。通过对PLFA进行主成分分析,配施有机肥的处理与单施化肥及CK处理微生物群落结构显著不同;PLFA载荷值分析表明,真菌特征脂肪酸及不饱和脂肪酸易受有机肥施用的影响,而放线菌特征脂肪酸更易受施用化肥的影响。【结论】化肥与有机肥长期配施提高了PLFA总含量、真菌PLFA含量、真菌PLFA/细菌PLFA比值,显著改善了土壤生物肥力状况,有利于土壤健康。【Objective】Soil biological fertility reflects soil quality directly.Understanding of soil biological characteristics and microbial community as affected by long-term fertilization could provide a theoretical basis for improvement of soil quality and development of the sustainable agriculture.【Method】In this paper,the effects of long-term application of N,NP,NPK,pig manure（M） ,and MNPK（pig manure plus NPK） on total phospholipids fatty acid（PLFA） ,soil micro-biomass-C,N and P,and selected hydrolase activities were investigated in a paddy soil derived from yellow-brown earth.【Result】Compared to CK or application of chemical fertilizer only,the application of pig manure only or pig manure plus NPK significantly increased SMB-C,N,P,PLFA,fungi PLFA,fungi/bacterial rate,soil alk-phosphatase,protase,and urease activity,fungal-to-bacterial PLFA ratios,and enhanced the growth of AM fungi.Long-term application of N only inhibited soil alk-phosphatase activity and the growth of most microorganisms. Principal Component Analysis（PCA） of PLFA showed that,microbial community structure was affected by manure and chemical fertilizers application in different ways.The loading values for the individual PLFA indicated that fungal and monounsaturated fatty acids（MONO） were mainly influenced by organic manure application,while those of actinomycete was affected by application of chemical fertilization only.【Conclusion】Combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer could significantly enhance SMB-C,N,P,PLFA,fungi PLFA,fungi/bacterial rate,and improve soil biological fertility.It will be favorable to soilquality.

关 键 词：长期施肥 水稻土 磷脂脂肪酸 碱性磷酸酶 蛋白酶 脲酶 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]