提高无核葡萄胚挽救中幼胚成苗率的研究  

Research on Improvement of Seedling Rate in Embryo Rescue of Seedless Grapes

作　　者：王爱玲[1] 王跃进[1] 唐冬梅[1] 张剑侠[1] 张朝红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/农业部西北园艺植物种质资源利刚重点开放实验室/陕西省农业分子生物学重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第20期4238-4245,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD01A1702,2007BAD36B08);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(nycyjstx-30)

摘　　要：【目的】提高无核葡萄胚挽救中幼胚的成苗率。【方法】以7个杂交组合的胚珠为试材,研究不同基因型、不同胚珠发育培养基、添加不同氨基酸及低温处理采后幼果对无核葡萄胚成苗率的影响。【结果】在无核葡萄胚离体发育中,母本和父本对胚的成苗均有影响;在二倍体无核葡萄作母本的杂交组合中,以二倍体无核葡萄作父本比以四倍体有核葡萄作父本更有利于胚的成苗。在3种不同配方的培养基中,适宜于无核葡萄离体幼胚发育和成苗的培养基是MM4。ER添加4mmol·L-1脯氨酸培养基最有利于无核葡萄胚的发育。低温处理3d对红宝石无核×森田尼无核和红宝石无核×黑奥林胚的成苗促进最大。【结论】无核葡萄胚挽救的适宜培养基是ER+4mmol·L-1脯氨酸或MM4培养基,低温处理幼果3d能有效提高二倍体无核葡萄×二倍体无核葡萄胚挽救中胚的成苗率。【Objective】The objective of the study was to improve the breeding efficiency of seedless grape through embryo rescue in vitro and investigate the effects of various factors on seedlings in vitro.【Method】Hybrid ovules of 7 cross combinations were used to investigate the effect of different genotypes,different ovule culture media,supplementation of different aminophenols,low-temperature treatment on the proportion of seedlings of harvested fruits in vitro.【Result】The results indicated that among the investigated embryoes of seedless grape,the female parent and male parent had influence on seedlings.In cross combinations with diploid seedless grapes as female parent,diploid seedless grapes as male parent was suitable for seedlings than tetraploid seeded grapes.Among the three different media,MM4 medium was most suitable for embryo development and seedlings in vitro culture of seedless grapes.ER medium supplemented with 4 mmol·L-1proline was most suitable for embryo development in vitro culture of seedless grapes.The effect of low-temperature treatment of Ruby Seedless×Centennial Seedless and Ruby Seedless×Black Olympia for 3 days was the best in seedling growth.【Conclusion】ER medium supplemented with 4 mmol·L-1 proline or MM4 medium are suitable for embryo rescue in vitro culture of seedless grapes.Low-temperature treatment of fruits for 3 days,has a positive effect on improvement of embryo rescue efficiency of diploid seedless grape×diploid seedless grape.

关 键 词：无核葡萄 胚挽救 成苗率 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]