逆境下植物叶性状变化的研究进展  

Changes of leaf traits of plants under stress resistance

作　　者：薛立[1] 曹鹤[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东棕榈园林股份有限公司,广东广州510627

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第8期2004-2009,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省林业局项目(4400-F07041;4400-F06051)

摘　　要：介绍了逆境下植物叶性状变化的研究进展。在逆境下,植物的叶片形态、解剖构造和内含物质等方面产生变化或特化,以保证植物正常的生命活动。解剖构造与树木的抗旱性关系密切,渗透调节是一个重要的抗旱性和抗盐性机制。植物为了减少虫害的发生,采用防卫和逃避相结合的策略保护自己。叶片中午受到强光胁迫时存在明显的"避光运动",栅栏组织的叶绿体通过不同的运动排列方式来调整对光辐射的吸收,减少光胁迫。植物在阴蔽的环境中,通过大的叶面积等方式保证在弱光条件下充分利用光能。在干旱和盐胁迫下,叶片变小或消失,叶片表皮角质化,在叶片或细胞外形成一些机械组织,叶肉质化,白天叶片气孔关闭等方式增加耐盐性。多年生落叶树木和不落叶的植物通过不同的方式增加抗寒力。基因对叶性状的影响尚有争议。叶性状的差异可能是对不同环境的反映,或者是它们的年龄和基因引起的。最后,对叶性状的研究前景作了展望。The paper reviewed the changes of leaf traits of plant under stress.Plants under stress have great variation or specialization in morphological characteristics,anatomical structure and leaf matter content in order to ensure their regular growth.There was a close relationship between leaf traits and drought resistance,and osmotic adjustment was an importance mechanism of drought resistance.The plants protect themselves by combining ＇defense strategy＇ with ＇escape strategy＇ to protect themselves from insect.Around midday hours light-evasion movements of leaves could occur by changing midrib angle of leaves,declining leaf tilt downward,and the chloroplasts in palisade cell move and line along the radial wall of cell when they are subject to strong irradiance,which make the chloroplasts have less areas to expose direct light.At low light condition,plants fully utilize sun energy by increase of leaf area.Under salt stress,plants resist salt by making their leaves become small or disappear,increasing epidermal thickness,mesophyll thickness,palisade cell length,palisade diameter,spongy cell diameter and closing stomata in day.Evergreen woody and deciduous species resist cold stress using difference ways.In the end,research prospect on leaf traits was discussed.

关 键 词：叶性状 抗逆性 展望 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学] Q948[生物学—植物学]