亚洲龙鱼形态结构及幼鱼生长特性  

Morphological structure and growth characteristics of juvenile Asian arowana( Scleropages formosus)

作　　者：牟希东[1] 王培欣[1] 胡隐昌[1] 汪学杰[1] 杨叶欣[1] 宋红梅[1] 李小慧[1] 罗建仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广东广州510380

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第9期1379-1386,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业部"九四八"项目(2009-Z13);中国水产科学研究院科研基金项目(2003-3-5);广州市荔湾区科技计划(20082109029);农业部农业生物资源保护与利用项目(2130108);农业部淡水鱼类遗传育种和养殖生物学重点开放实验室开放基金(BZ2009-10)

摘　　要：对亚洲龙鱼(金龙鱼)形态结构和幼鱼生长特性进行研究。结果表明:(1)金龙鱼身体侧扁并延长,具腹棱,吻尖,口斜上位,颐须一对,体被大型圆鳞,鳞式23～2533;背鳍18～19,腹鳍1+4,臀鳍25～26,胸鳍1+6,尾鳍15;舌端宽圆,游离,内具软骨,鳃弓5个,鳃耙数15～17;胃大壁厚,呈"U"形盘曲,幽门盲囊2个;肝脏左叶大于右叶,鳔1个,长度几与腹腔相当,性腺一个,成熟雌鱼大约有30～60粒成熟卵,卵径可达12～15mm;(2)人工养殖条件下的金龙鱼体长(L)与体重(W)呈幂函数关系:W=0.0235L2.8763(R2=0.9867),说明其体长生长与体重生长略有差异,为异速生长类型;(3)金龙鱼幼鱼5月龄前体长增长较慢,之后快速生长,体长(AL)和月龄(m)呈线性相关,关系式为AL=-0.0077m3+0.1615m2+1.3633m+6.6883(R2=0.9987);幼鱼体重增长较快,体重(W)生长与月龄(m)的关系为W=-0.1336m3+5.5545m2-6.915m+9.9116(R2=0.9972);日增重率随着月龄的增加而波动,12月龄时最大3.06g/d;(4)金龙鱼幼鱼期的肥满度随月龄不同而有所差异。This study investigated morphological structure and growth characteristics of juvenile Asian arowana,Scleropages formosus listed in CITES as a highly endangered fish species,which is an ancient member of the Osteoglossidae family inhabiting Southeast Asia. The result showed（ 1） body compressed and elongated,with pelvic scutes,snout pointed sharply,mouth superior and slit slanted,chin barbells 1 pairs, cycloid scales very large on body,scale formula 23 -25; dorsal fin 18 -19,pelvic fin 1 ＋4,anal fin 25 -26, pectoral fin1 ＋6,caudal fin 15. End of the tongue roundness,dissociation,with cartilage; 5 gill archs,15 -17 gill rakers; stomach with＂U＂-shape winding is big and thick wall,2 pyloric caecum; left liver bigger than right liver; 1 swim bladder,almost as long as abdominal cavity; 1 gonad,mature females have about 30 - 60 mature eggs,egg diameter up to 12 -15 mm. （ 2） The general correlation equation of body length（ AL） and body weight（ W） was W =0. 023 5L2.876 3（ R2 = 0. 986 7） under artificial farming conditions,which indicated the growth trend of body length and body weight was almost synchrony. （ 3） Body length of juvenile Asian arowana grew relatively slowly before five-month-old but subsequently accelerated growth. The relation with body length and month-old presented linear,namely AL = -0. 007 7m3 ＋ 0. 161 5m2 ＋ 1. 363 3m ＋ 6. 688 3 （ R2 =0. 998 7） . Then the linear correlation equations between body weight that rapidly put on weight at juvenile stage and month-old was W = -0. 133 6m3 ＋5. 554 5m2 - 6. 915m ＋ 9. 911 6（ R2 = 0. 997 2） . The value for daily weight gain varied with different periods of growth,and the growth maximum of daily weight gain was 3. 06 g /d at twelve-month-old. （ 4） And fatness of juvenile Asian arowana usually varied with the month age.

关 键 词：亚洲龙鱼 形态结构 生长特性 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]