不同蛋白水平下添加晶体氨基酸对罗非鱼生长和饲料利用的影响  

Evaluation of protein reduction and amino acids supplementation of practical diets for Nile tilapia( Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：金胜洁[1] 刘永坚[1] 田丽霞[1] 阳会军[1] 梁桂英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院鱼类营养实验室,广东广州510275

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第9期1429-1438,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"十一五"农业行业专项资助(nyhyzx07-044);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项项目(200899B02)

摘　　要：实验主要研究不同蛋白水平下添加晶体氨基酸(CAA)对罗非鱼生长和饲料利用的影响。实验饲料为全植物蛋白实用饲料,通过调整豆粕含量,设置出4个蛋白梯度(蛋白含量:34%、32%、30%和28%),每个蛋白水平下设置不添加CAA组(34CP-28CP)和添加CAA组(34AA-28AA),后者通过添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸,使之在饲料中的水平分别达到1.43%、0.75%和1.05%,满足罗非鱼的必需氨基酸需要量。实验结果显示,34AA、30AA和28AA组的增重率和特定生长率(1074.75%、951.60%、815.12%和4.11%、3.92%、3.69%)显著高于相应的不添加组(869.85%、641.25%、523.75%和3.79%、3.33%、3.05%),32AA与32CP之间则没有显著差异(917.45%对882.27%、3.87%对3.81%)。从增重率的增长幅度来看,30%和28%蛋白水平下添加CAA的效果更为明显(48.4%、55.6%对23.6%、4%)。饲料效率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质保留率和能量保留率方面,34CP、34AA、32CP和32AA4组间没有显著差异;30CP和28CP组显著低于其它各组,此蛋白水平下添加晶体氨基酸上述指标可得到显著提高,并达到34%蛋白水平。双因素方差分析表明,晶体氨基酸的添加对饲料干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率和能量消化率没有显著影响,但会显著降低饲料磷的消化率。除32%蛋白水平外,其它蛋白水平下添加晶体氨基酸可在一定程度上降低罗非鱼的脏体比、肝体比和脂体比。研究结果表明,罗非鱼饲料中添加晶体氨基酸是有效的,当饲料蛋白水平从34%降低至28%时,通过补足必需氨基酸,不会对罗非鱼的生长性能和饲料利用造成负面影响。A 62-day growth trial was undertaken to estimate effects of crystalline amino acid （ CAA ） supplementation of diets with different protein levels on growth performance and feed utilization in juvenile tilapia（ Oreochromis niloticus） . 8 plant-based diets were prepared,and they were formulated to contain 4 graded protein levels（ crude protein： 34% ,32% ,30% and 28% ） with（ expressed as 34AA,32AA,30AA and 28AA,respectively ） or without （ expressed as 34CP,32CP,30CP and 28CP,respectively ） CAA supplementation,respectively. In the supplementary group,lysine,methionine and threonine were added to ensure the amino acid requirement of Nile tilapia. With CAA supplementation,higher weight gain improvement was observed at 30% and 28% protein level,which is 48. 4% ,and 55. 6% . Feed efficiency, protein efficiency,protein retention ratio and energy retention ratio were significantly lower in 28CP and 30CP groups,while increased by adding CAA,which were similar to that in another two protein levels. Regardless of diet protein level,CAA supplementation had no effects on the apparent digestibility coefficients （ ADC） of dry matter,crude protein and gross energy of the diets,except for reducing the ADC of phosphorous. VSI,HSI and IPR decreased to some extent with CAA supplementation,yet body composition was not affected. The results indicated that supplementing CAA to the plant-based diets with different protein levels can improve the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile tilapia,and it had no adverse effects when diet protein level reduced from 34% to 28% .

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 植物蛋白 蛋白水平 晶体氨基酸 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]