程海的环境问题及其管理对策探讨  

ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF LAKE CHENGHAI AND ITS MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

作　　者：陶文东[1] 夏峰[1] 荆春燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省环境科学研究所,昆明650034

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》1999年第2期210-214,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：云南省"1369"跨世纪绿色工程的研究成果

摘　　要：程海水污染和富营养化程度日趋严重，ｐＨ值和氟化物浓度超过国家《地面水环境质量标准》Ｖ类，非离子氨和总磷浓度也较高，矿化度趋近咸水湖标准，湖水已达到富营养水平。然而，程海目前的水质仍主要由自然演化进程决定，ｐＨ值、氟化物和总磷浓度适宜分别控制在背景值９．１１～９．３０之间、１．８８～２．２３ｍｇ／Ｌ之间和０．０５８ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。程海是磷限制型，富营养化控制重点应放在人湖磷负荷上。目前程海最大的污染源是降雨径流，其次是仙人河引水（含县城污水）、螺旋藻养殖废水和湖面大气沉降。水污染控制首先要实现点污染源零排放，而后将重点放在农田暴雨径流人湖污染负荷控制方面，侧重荒山造林、小流域综合治理和农田养分有效管理。另外，要有计划地引水人湖，控制提灌水量，防止程海水位继续下降。lake Chenghai is suffering from progressive water pollution and eutrophication. The PH value and fluoride concentration have exceeded the Class V limits of the Environmental QualityStandard for Surfacewater of the People's Republic of China. The concentrations of non-ionizedammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are also relatively high. The degree of mineralization isapproaching the limit of saline water lakes. The lake water has been eutrophic. However, the water quality of Lake Chenghai still depends upon the natural evolving process. The PH value, fluoride and total phosphorus should be consequently controlled at 9. 11 ~ 9. 30, 1. 88~ 2. 23 mg/Land under 0. 058 mg/l respectively. Eutrophication control should emphasize the phosphorus loadcontrol because phosphorus is the limiting factor. Storm water runoff is the major pollutionsource, followed by water diversion from Xianren river (including county town sewage), effluentof Spirilla culture and atmospheric deposition over the lake surface. Point pollution sources mustfirst be eliminated. The phosphorus load of storm water runoff from cropland should then be controlled mainly through afforestation, comprehensive treatment of small catchments, and soundmanagement of field nutrients. Meanwhile, it is necessary to divert external water into the lakeand limit the irrigation water consumption so as to prevent further descent of the lake water level.

关 键 词：水环境问题 富营养化 水污染控制 湖泊 管理 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]