川中丘陵区节水栽培技术对冬小麦水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of Water-saving Cultivation Technique on Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Middle Sichuan Hilly Area

作　　者：赵小蓉[1] 赵燮京[1] 王昌桃[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2010年第11期10-14,43,共6页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2008BAD98B02;2006BAD29B08;2007BAD88B08;2007BAD89B15)

摘　　要：水分不足是限制川中丘陵区冬小麦生长发育及产量的重要因子。通过不同节水栽培措施条件下耗水特性、潜在蒸散量与作物系数的研究成果,对冬小麦的产量与水分利用效率进行了分析。试验结果表明:①在冬小麦全生育期,常规灌溉(保证田间持水量75%)耗水量最高,达到421 mm;依赖于降雨耗水量最低,仅为348 mm。②川中丘陵区冬小麦生育期逐日的潜在蒸散量(ET0)的平均值在0.93～3.81 mm/d幅度内变动,并呈现出前期平稳、中后期逐渐增加的特征。③在冬小麦全生育期,各处理措施的Kc值幅0.23～1.92之间,并呈现一抛物线特征。在拔节期达到最大值,成熟期达到最低值;且秸秆覆盖+常规灌溉栽培措施平均Kc值最大,对照平均Kc值最小。④冬小麦产量以秸秆覆盖+常规灌溉处理最高,达到6 222.53 kg/hm2,而以对照(A)最低,仅为3 852.00 kg/hm2;冬小麦的水分生产率与灌水生产率则均表现为秸秆覆盖+节水灌溉处理最高,分别达到0.55 kg/m3和3.62 kg/m3。The insufficiency of water is the important factor that limits the growth and yield of winter wheat in middle Sichuan Province hilly area.In this paper,we analyzed the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in different water-saving cultivation conditions by studying water consumption,potential evapotranspiration,and crop coefficient.The results indicated as follows： In the whole growth period of winter wheat the water consumption of regular irrigation with 75% field water capacity to be ensured was the highest which reached 421 mm,while the water consumption of dependent on rainfall was the lowest which was only 348 mm.The average day-to-day potential evapotranspiration in growth period of winter wheat ranged from 0.93 mm/d to 3.81 mm/d,which presented stability in earlier stage and increased in mid-and late-period.Furthermore,in the whole growth period of winter wheat the Kc values in different treatments ranged from 0.23 to 1.92,which presented a parabola character.The Kc value reached the highest value in jointing stage while it did the lowest value in maturity stage.Besides,the average Kc value in straw mulch plus regular irrigation cultivation treatment was the highest while it was the lowest in contrast treatment.The yield of winter wheat was the highest in straw mulch plus regular irrigation cultivation treatment which reached 6 222.53 kg/hm2,while the yield was the lowest in contrast treatment which was only 3 852.00 kg/hm2.The water productivity and irrigation productivity of winter wheat was the highest in straw mulch plus water-saving irrigation cultivation treatment which reached 55 kg/m3 and 3.62 kg/m3.

关 键 词：川中丘陵区 节水栽培 冬小麦 水分生产效率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]