汶川大地震灾区中学生心理自评症状随访结果分析  

Follow-Up Study of Psychological Self-report Symptoms for Middle School Students in Wenchuan Earthquake-Stricken Areas

作　　者：侯丰苏[1] 刘之月[1] 向莹君[1] 曾子倩[1] 胡晓琴[1] 李婷[1] 李娟[1] 刘潇霞[1] 袁萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,成都610041

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2010年第10期1188-1190,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：四川省教育厅课题(编号:08SA093)

摘　　要：目的了解"5.12"汶川大地震后灾区中学生在1 a内的心理健康状况变化情况,为制定心理危机干预策略与措施提供科学依据。方法通过整群抽样,选取震后迁至成都的汶川县境内3所中学的共1 966名中学生,分别于震后4个月、6个月、9个月和12个月使用SCL-90自评量表进行心理健康测评。共累计有效调查7 240人,4次随访率分别为98.11%,76.86%和93.88%。结果各次调查的SCL-90的平均总分都高于全国青年组常模(P<0.05),9个因子的平均得分也高于全国常模(P<0.05),但随时间推移调查对象的心理健康异常率和SCL-90平均得分逐渐降低;各个因子中,焦虑症状恢复最快,躯体化症状最慢;不同人口学特征的人群中,女生的心理健康状况恢复情况优于男生,受伤者情况好于未受伤者,藏族学生的心理恢复情况好于羌族和汉族学生,不同年级的中学生恢复情况不同。结论灾区中学生心理健康随时间而逐渐恢复,不同人口学特征的中学生恢复情况有别。Objective To study the vary trend of mental health state of middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas, and to provide evidence for making policies about psychological crisis interventions. Methods By cluster sampling, 1 966 students who came from three different middle schools in Wenchuan and which moved to Chengdu temporarily were chosen. The students were tested by SCL -90 at the time of 4 th, 6 th, 9 th and 12 th month after the earthquake. Results There were 7 240 effective objects in all, and the follow-up rates of each time were 98.11%, 76.86% and 93.88 %. The results showed us that the average total scores of SCL -90 for each time were all higher than the national youth norm（ P 〈 0.05 ）, and so did the each score of SCL- 901P 〈 0.05 ）. A decline showed in the average total score of SCL- 90 and the rates of abnor- mality. In all the 9 symptoms, anxiety recovered the fastest while the somatizatiou symptom did the opposite. Among different characteristics, it was found out that the girls recovered faster than boys, and the injured did better than the rest, and the Tibetan recovered the best. The higher grade the students were, the better they recovered. Conclusion The mental health of middle school students from disaster stricken area are gradually returning over time, and the recovery differs in secondary school students who have different demographic characteristics.

关 键 词：精神卫生 随访研究 学生 自然灾害 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]