缓释氮肥对超级杂交稻后期生长与生理功能的影响  

Effects of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Physiological Functions in the Late Stage of Super Hybrid Rice

作　　者：田小海[1] 马国辉[1,2] 杨令芝[1] 肖宇[1] 王晓玲[1] 许凤英[1] 吴晨阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2010年第5期64-69,共6页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：科技部粮食丰产科技工程"湖北水稻丰产高效技术集成研究与示范"(2004BA520A02);国家科技支撑计划"三大作物可持续超高产共性理论与技术模式研究"(2006BAD02AB);"金正大"院士研究基金资助项目

摘　　要：以超级杂交稻两优0293为材料,在2007—2008年2个不同气候年景条件下,以缓释氮肥正常用量(SCU2,氮素用量180kg/hm2)及其减氮用量(SCU1,氮素用量135kg/hm2)为处理,普通尿素(U,氮素用量180kg/hm2)为对照,研究了缓释氮肥对超级杂交稻后期生长和生理功能的影响。结果表明,SCU2、SCU1处理与对照U相比,水稻产量依年度不同而不同程度增加。水稻总物质积累量SCU2处理与U相当,SCU1略低。SCU1处理水稻后期物质积累和物质转运均有一定优势,但前期物质积累明显不足。SCU2和SCU1处理与U比较,水稻成穗数减少但每穗颖花数增加,且在气温异常年份结实率较高,抽穗灌浆期剑叶叶绿素含量较高、光合性能也有一定优势,且这一优势在强日照条件下表现更为明显。但SCU2处理的冠层叶长和叶宽均较SCU1和U处理增加,有导致后期冠层结构恶化的可能。超级杂交稻使用缓释氮肥减氮25%、一次性全层施用具有节氮作用和一定的稳产高产效果,但有关施肥技术有待进一步完善。Using Liangyou 0293, a super hybrid rice combination, as the material, the treatments of applying normal amount of slow release nitrogen fertilizer （SCU2, with 180 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen）, applying 25% lessened amount of slow release nitrogen fertilizer （SCU1, with 135 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen） and common urea （U, with 180 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen, as the check） were used to study the effects of slow release fertilizers on the growth and physiological functions in the late stages of super hybrid rice during 2007 and 2008. The results showed that the treatments SCU1 and SCU2 had an increase in grain yield to a varied extent from different years compared with the check U, SCU2 had a similar total dry matter accumulation to U, but that of SCU1 was a little lower. The treatment SCU1 was superior in dry matter accumulation and transportation in the late stages but inferior in dry matter accumulation in the early stages. Compared with U, SCU1 and SCU2 had fewer productive panicles but more spikelets per panicle and a higher seed setting percentage in the year of unusual temperature conditions, higher chlorophyll contents in flag leaf in heading and grain filling stages and were superior in photosynthetic characteristics, and this superiority was more remarkable under the conditions of high light intensity. However, SCU2 had longer and broader leaves on canopy than SCU1 and U, which may result in a poor canopy structure in the late stages. Therefore, applying the slow release nitrogen fertilizer with a 25% lessened rate one time for the whole growth period has both nitrogen-saving and yield-increasing effects on super hybrid rice, but applying methods need further optimizing.

关 键 词：超级杂交稻 缓释氮肥 产量 冠层结构 光合作用 

分 类 号：S511.06[农业科学—作物学] S143