融雪径流研究的理论与方法及其在干旱区的应用  

Theories and methods of snowmelt runoff and its application in arid regiones

作　　者：包安明[1] 陈晓娜[1,2] 李兰海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2010年第5期684-691,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-334);国家"973"计划前期研究专项课题(2009CB426309)

摘　　要：融雪径流是干旱区河流的重要补给水源,融雪径流研究是干旱区水资源管理及分配的重要组成部分。基于国内外大量研究成果,本文从理论和方法入手对干旱区融雪径流研究现状进行分析和总结。理论研究是融雪径流发展及应用的基础,理论研究部分包括气候变化对融雪径流的影响、融雪径流水过程与物质迁移研究及融雪径流模拟研究;研究方法是融雪径流研究得以进行的数据和技术条件,研究方法部分包括基于站点数据和传统统计分析方法的融雪径流研究和站点数据与遥感数据相结合的分布式或半分布式融雪径流研究。最后,结合现有研究理论和研究方法,本文简要分析了干旱区融雪径流研究存在的主要的问题和展望融雪径流研究的趋势,包括融雪径流对气候变化的响应模式、积雪遥感监测和分布式融雪径流的模拟。Snowmelt run-off is one of the most important sources of water supply in arid regions,and then snowmelt run-off become one of the most important factors of water planning and water management in arid areas.Based on a large number of study results of snowmelt run-off,the paper analyzed and classified the studies of snowmelt run-off in arid areas both from theories and methods.Theory research is the basis for the development and application of snowmelt runoff,and the theories include the impacts of climate change on snowmelt runoff,snowmelt runoff process and mass transfer accompanied with the formation of snowmelt,and the simulation of snowmelt run-off;The methods include the traditional statistical method based on records of observation sites and the distributed or semi-distributed method combines the observation sites and remote sensing technologies which make the snow information in large scale available for distributed or semi-distributed research.Finally,combined the existing theories and compared the present data sources and methods,some status quo problems on study of snowmelt run-off in arid area were analyzed in brief and the research tendency of snowmelt run-off in arid area was prospected,including the response patterns of snowmelt runoff to climate change,snow cover monitoring by remote sensing technology,and the distributed simulation study of snowmelt runoff.

关 键 词：干旱区 积雪 融雪径流 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]