基于GIS的羌塘高原冰川系统雪线场的建立及其空间分布特征  

Establishing the field of equilibrium line altitude of the glacier system in the Chiangtang Plateau based on geographic information system and its distribution characteristics

作　　者：王利平[1] 谢自楚[1,2] 丁良福[2] 刘时银[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2010年第5期692-702,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40871043);科技部科技基础性工作专项项目(2006FY110200);湖南省重点建设学科(40652001)

摘　　要：根据羌塘高原冰川系统测量雪线高度(ELAh)与冰川平均高度(Hm e)之间存在较好的线性关系,计算了其所有冰川的雪线高度ELAhc。量算的ELAh与计算的ELAhc十分接近,整个羌塘高原的差值(ELAh-ELAhc)平均仅为0.16 m,说明采用这种方法计算的雪线高度ELAhc是可信的。通过对比发现:在编绘雪线高度场时,将冰川系统内相邻冰川分组平均而生成的雪线场克服了地形雪线的影响,比未进行分组平均的雪线场更为美观整洁,规律性也很明显。羌塘高原冰川系统雪线场分布具有如下特征:(1)从南向北,雪线逐渐降低;(2)从东到西,雪线随之升高。从总体上来看,羌塘高原雪线从西南向东北逐渐降低的趋势,但变幅不大,多数在5 700 m以上,但最高值不在气温最高的南部或降水最少的西北部,而在隆格尔山,高达6 000 m以上,不仅是本区和青藏高原内陆水系雪线最高的,也是迄今所知北半球最高雪线所在地。其次分别为波波嘎屋峰、土则岗日和藏色岗日附近,最低值在金阳岗日附近,这是本区降水量从东南向西北减少、气温由南向北降低对雪线综合作用的结果。The Equilibrium Line Altitude（ELA h） could comprehensively show the development of glacier is influenced by topography,terrain,climate and so on,which acts as an important indicator of mass balance and environment in the glacier area.The change of ELA h can induce glacial fluctuation correspondingly,and lead to varies of glacial melt water and sea-level.ELA h of the Chiangtang Plateau,Tibet is highest in China,the high-low elevation generally between 5 700-6 000 meters.So the study of distribution and variation laws of Equilibrium Line Altitude of the glacier system the Chiangtang Plateau not only is of profound theoretical significance,but also provide basis for man-land relationship,resource utilization,ecology environment and social economy sustainable development in the cold and arid regions.According to the linear relationship between the Equilibrium Line Altitude（ELA h） and the mean height（H me） in the Glacier System of the Chiangtang Plateau,the calculated equilibrium line altitude（ELA hc） can be obtained.The calculated result indicates that the measured ELA h value and are close to the ELA hc value.Their difference value is only 0.16 m,which means that it is credible calculating equilibrium line altitude by this method.By comparison,it is found that the field of Equilibrium Line Altitude of the Glacier System established by group average is more beautiful and regular than the one without group average.The distribution characteristics of the Glacier System＇EL hc Ain the Chiangtang Plateau are as follows： ELA hc gradually descend from the south to the north and ascend from east to west.In general,they are in a gradually decreasing process from southwest to northeast,which do not alter too much,and most of them are above 5 700 m.However,the highest value is not located in southern part of the highest temperature and northwestern part of the least precipitation,but situated in Longger Mountain.Even individual glaciers in Longger Mountain reach up to 6 000 m or more,which not only is highes

关 键 词：羌塘高原 冰川系统 克里金插值 雪线场 分布特征 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]