黑叶猴食物组成及其季节性变化  

Diet and the seasonal changes of the Franois’langur (Trachypithecus francoisi)

作　　者：黄中豪[1] 黄乘明[1,2] 周岐海[1] 韦华[1,3] 蒙渊君 

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学生命科学学院广西环境工程与保护评价重点实验室珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护省部共建教育部实验室,桂林541004 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [3]桂林七星景区动物园,桂林541004 [4]广西弄岗国家级自然保护区管理局,龙州532400

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第20期5501-5508,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广西环境工程与保护评价重点实验室项目;国家自然科学基金项目(30560023;30860050);国家林业局叶猴监测与保护项目;广西高校人才小高地资助项目;广西自然科学基金项目(桂科自0991095)

摘　　要：对灵长类来说,喀斯特石山生境是一种比较独特的生活环境。喀斯特森林具有生物量低,物种多样性高的特点,生活于其中的灵长类的食物资源受环境的影响强烈,有明显的季节性变化。黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)是生活在喀斯特石山的特有灵长类动物。在食物资源波动较大的石山生境中,黑叶猴如何在食物匮乏时期获得食物?是否采取了大多数灵长类的应对策略,还是采用适应喀斯特环境的特殊对策?为了回答这些问题,2005年9月至2006年8月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区选择一群黑叶猴作为观察对象,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集相关的食性数据。通过比较不同季节食物组成的差异来探讨黑叶猴如何应对喜食食物(嫩叶、果实)的季节性缺乏的问题。结果表明:黑叶猴共采食92种植物,其中乔木和灌木38种,藤本植物52种,草本植物1种,寄生植物1种。猴群平均每月采食食物22.8种(6-34种),月平均食物多样性指数为2.5(1.6-3)。在弄岗黑叶猴的食物组成中,树叶占总觅食记录的71%,其中嫩叶46.9%,成熟叶24.1%的;果实、花和种子分别占13.2%、6.3%和4.3%;其他食物类型占5.4%,分别包括茎1.8%,叶柄1.1%,未知部位2.5%。黑叶猴的食物组成具有明显的季节性差异。在旱季,平均月食物种类和食物多样性指数分别为29.3和2.8,明显高于雨季的16.2和2.1。在雨季,嫩叶在食物中的比例明显高于旱季(61.5%相对32.3%);在旱季,猴群对成熟叶的采食比例明显高于雨季(39.4%相对8.9%),且在该季节才利用种子作为食物,占食物组成的8.6%。黑叶猴的食物组成受食物可获得性的影响。主要表现为嫩叶在食物中所占的比例与其可获得性有显著的正相关关系(r=0.865,n=12,P=0.000)。另外,当成熟叶和果实的可利用性降低时,黑叶猴的食物多样性指数提高(成熟叶:r=-0.602,n=12,P=0.039;果实:r=-0.716,n=12,P=0.009)。黑叶猴在嫩叶丰富的雨季,它们�Karst is a special habitat for most of the nonhuman primate,its forest has some unique features,such as poorer,but more diversity vegetation,and the items of plants used for food by primates showed seasonal fluctuation.The availability of food resources was influenced by environment,according to previous data from other primates inhabited in karst habitat.Franois′ langur （Trachypithecus francoisi） is one of the few primates that inhabit in karst habitat.So,how did the Franois′ langur obtain adequate food according with food availability fluctuation？ Did they adopt a common feeding strategy selected by most species living in mountains,or the special one adapted to karst？ To explore what feeding strategy the Franois langur would adopt in response to seasonal scarcity of preferred foods （immature leaves,fruits）,we investigated the dietary composition and its seasonal variation of one group of the Franois′ langurs at Nonggang National Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China,from September 2005 to August 2006.Data were collected by instantaneous scan sampling.The results indicated that totally,92species of plants were used for food by langurs,there were 38 species of trees and shrubs,52 of vines,1 of herbs,and 1 of Epiphyte.On average,langurs monthly consumed 22.8 plants species,and the food diversity index （FDI） was 2.5.Leaves constituted 71% of the langurs′ diet,including 46.9% immature leaves and 24.1% mature leaves.Fruits,flowers and seeds contributed to 13.2%,6.3% and 4.3% of their diet,respectively.Other food items accounted for 5.4% of the diet,including 1.8% stems,1.1% petioles,2.5% unidentified parts,respectively.There were significant seasonal variations in langurs′ diet.The total number of food species and the FDI in dry season were both higher than rainy season （Food species：29.3 vs 16.2;FDI：2.8 vs 2.1）.During the rainy season,when leaves were abundant,their diets consisted primarily of young leaves,which contributed 61.5% in dietary,higher than a proportion of 32.3% in d

关 键 词：黑叶猴 食物组成 季节性变化 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]