三江平原农业生态系统露水凝结规律  

Dew condensation rules in farmland ecosystem in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：阎百兴[1] 徐莹莹[1,2] 王莉霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室,长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第20期5577-5584,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771035);中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-YW-Q06-03)

摘　　要：露水是农业生态系统水分平衡、养分循环不可忽视的输入项。在对露水相关参数设定的基础上进一步探讨农田露水的凝结规律。选择杨木棒做为露水收集器,在三江平原于作物生长季(6月初—9月末)对水稻、玉米和大豆茎叶上的露水凝结进行了实地监测。结果表明:生长季农作物约70%的无雨夜间有露水凝结,年露日数约为70d;7、8月份作物露水强度最强,丰水年露水强度显著强于平水年(P<0.05),水稻和大豆的露水强度基本持平,显著高于玉米露水强度(P<0.05);垂直方向上各作物露水凝结规律一致,冠层露水强度强于顶层,底层露水强度最弱;农作物露水量较为可观,旱田作物年露水量保守值约为10—15mm,水田作物年露水量为旱田的2—3倍,叶面积指数(LAI)成为限制作物年露水量的关键因子。此外,露水对水田喷洒叶面肥等农业生产活动有指导意义,在旱田作物抗病虫害、集水抗旱方面具有重要生态意义。As a significant part of water balance,dew has attracted great interest and has been extensively studied.Dew is a crucial input for water balance and nutrients cycling of farmland ecosystem.Dew could play important role in spaying leaf fertilizers in paddy and drought-resisting and preventing the disease and pest in rain fed land.In this study,a series of parameters about dew characterization including Dew Days,Dew Frequency,Dew Intensity and Dewfall were defined comparing to parameters describing the precipitation.Based on these parameters dew condensation was measured in a farmland in Sanjiang Plain.In order to discuss the condensation law of dew,Dew Intensity was monitored in situ on stem and leaf of plant in paddy,soybean and corn fields during the growing season form early of June to late September in 2008 and 2009.The experiment was organized at the Sanjiang Mire Wetland Experimental Station （47°35′N,133°31′E）,Chinese Academy of Sciences,located in Tongjiang,Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China.Dew was collected by wood sticks made with poplar tree.The collector was daily weighted at sunset and sunrise with an electronic balance （accuracy is within 0.001 g）.For each experiment,the collectors were set on the bottom （5 cm above the surface level） and canopy of the plant,respectively.The results indicated that dew occurred about 70 days in a year and Dew Days accounted about 70% non-rain nights in the farmland.The maximum Dew Intensity occurred in July and August.Statistical analyses were carried out to compare the Dew Intensity.Analysis of variance of Dew Intensity was performed using one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and the significance was set at P0.05.The Dew Intensity in 2009 was significantly larger （P0.05） than that in 2008 because the rainfall in 2009 was much more abundant than that in 2008.The Dew Intensity on paddy and soybean plants were almost equivalent,but the Dew Intensity on corn plant was significantly （P0.05） lower than those on paddy and soybean plants.The

关 键 词：农田生态系统 露水强度 露水量 垂直变化 三江平原 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]