旺长期遮光及光照转换对不同肥料条件下烟草叶片光合特性的影响  

Characterization of photosynthetic responses to shading and a light/shade switch during the rapid growth phase of tobacco (Nicotianatobacum L.) subjected to different fertilization regimes

作　　者：苏新宏[1,2] 韦凤杰 张学林[1] 杨慧玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司,郑州450008 [3]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,郑州450000

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第20期5592-5600,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局资助项目(110200201005);河南省烟草专卖局资助项目(HYKJ200849);中国博士后科学基金(20080430589);郑州市科技攻关项目(064SGDN19194-2;074SCCG36112-2)

摘　　要：采用盆栽方法研究了旺长期遮光及光照转换对不同肥料条件下烟草叶片光合速率(Pn)与荧光特性的影响。结果表明,遮光促进两种肥料条件下烟草叶片叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量的积累,却降低它们的Pn。其中施无机肥的烟草叶片Chl含量增加较多,而50%无机肥+50%饼肥配施烟草叶片的Car增幅显著,从而,施无机肥烟草叶片Chl/Car上升,而无机肥+饼肥配施烟草叶片Chl/Car却下降。无论从自然光转至遮荫条件下还是从遮荫条件转至自然光下,两种肥料条件下生长的烟草叶片的Pn、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及光化学猝灭系数(qP)均急剧下降,但与施无机肥相比,无机肥+饼肥配施烟草叶片保持较高的Pn、ΦPSⅡ、Fv/Fm、及qP,可能是饼肥促进了栽培条件下烟草植株的光生态适应性。Tobacco （Nicotianatobacum L.）,a solanaceous annual grass,is a widely-planted cash crop.China has the largest acreage of tobacco in the world.Inefficient or excessive light negatively affect synthesis and transfer of photosynthate,while sufficient light is the foundation of tobacco production and quality.The rapid growth phase of tobacco is critical,since leaf differentiation,leaf number,leaf size,dry matter accumulation,yield and quality are mostly determined then.Inhibition of photosynthesis resulting from sunny or cloudy weather is common in the study region.When tobacco seedlings are subjected to changes in light intensity,the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics change accordingly.In addition to light intensity,fertilizers are another critical factor affecting the yield and quality of tobacco.Compared with chemical fertilizers,additions of organic amendments not only improve soil physical properties in favor of tobacco growth,but also provide essential nutrients for crop growth.However,it is not clear how different fertilizer types affect photosynthesis in tobacco under light/shade switch conditions.In order to determine the responses of photosynthetic characteristics of tobacco to a light/shade switch and fertilizer types,a pot culture study was conducted to investigate the changes of Pn and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of tobacco at the rapid growth stage.The experiment was arranged in a two factor factorial design with 15 replicates.The first factor was a light intensity switch at the rapid growth stage：（1） switch plants growing in natural light with those growing in 50% shade conditions,and （2） switch plants growing in the 50% shade conditions with those growing in natural light.The second factor was fertilizer type：（1） chemical fertilizer and （2） 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% cake fertilizer （50：50 fertilizer）.The results showed that shading increased leaf chlorophyll （Chl） and carotenoid （Car） contents but decre

关 键 词：旺长期 烟草 遮光 光照转换 光合速率 叶绿素荧光参数 饼肥 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]