沿江地区土地利用生态风险评价——以长江三角洲南京地区为例  

Ecological risk assessment of land use in the area along Changjiang River:a case study of Nanjing,China

作　　者：孙洪波[1,2] 杨桂山[1] 苏伟忠[1] 朱天明[1,2] 万荣荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第20期5616-5625,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40801222;40601098)

摘　　要：基于改进的相对生态风险模型,从风险源强度、受体暴露度以及风险效应三方面构建土地利用生态风险评价指标体系,以子流域为单元分析南京地区土地利用生态风险空间分异及影响因素,结果表明:综合生态风险值总体分布较分散,高风险区位于江北八百河流域、老山北坡及南坡河系、石臼湖流域,风险源强和受体暴露度较高,风险效应值较低,潜在生态风险很高,应重点实施环境治理,强化土地生态环境建设;较高风险区位于一干河、二干河、句容河、秦淮中游、江宁河、向阳河、固城湖、境外常州太湖流域,风险源强和受体暴露度中等,应加强环境治理,强化土地利用规划引导与集约利用;较低和低风险区包括境外沿江八卦洲、沿江靖安板块、沿江秦淮河、沿江汤水河、沿江滁河、横溪河、牛首河、前进河、马鞍山长江流域,风险源强和受体暴露度较低,风险效应值低,主要分布于沿江以及山地丘陵河流上游地区,沿江流域近年排污治理力度较大有效保证了低风险源强值,而山地丘陵河流上游植被覆盖度一般较高,人为影响相对较弱,应注重生态环境维护和土地集约利用;其他流域综合生态风险中等,应加强生态环境监测,防止生态环境恶化。The ecology risk assessment is currently the advanced concept and method to study the relationship between regional development and eco-environment.The theoretical research on ecology risk assessment is still in its initial phase at present,and the method of ecology risk assessment has not made an important breakthrough.Also,the quantitative expressions of risk sources,risk receptor,assessment endpoint and risk effect are still the key problems in the theoretical system of ecology risk assessment.The previous research of ecology risk assessment mostly focused on biological toxicology and the effect of single chemical pollutant on environment and human health in the 1980s.In the 1990s the effect of contaminants on the ecology system has been the study focus.But since the 21st century,the human activities,such as the land use,urbanization process have become the hot spots of the ecology risk assessment research,and the study scale of risk assessment was enlarged and developed from single population to regional and landscape scale.Both the change of research contents and the extending of research scale reflected the change of thinking and research framework of ecology risk assessment.This view point change from micro to macro scale raised a higher demand to the research idea and method of ecology risk assessment,under this background the comprehensive assessment way is necessary.Based on the improved model of relative ecological risk assessment,the index system of land use ecological risk assessment was built according to the strength of risk sources,the exposure degree of risk receptor and the risk effect.The spatial unit for assessment was the sub-watershed.The paper described and analyzed spatial differentiations of land use ecological risk and impact factors in Nanjing.The results presented a dispersed pattern of the risk value in summary.Firstly,the sub-watersheds with the higher value including Babai River,North slope and south slope rivers of Laoshan and the Shijiu Lake and had higher values both of risk reso

关 键 词：沿江地区 土地利用 子流域 生态风险评价 空间分异 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]