猪粪生物发酵作有机肥及在设施蔬菜生产中的应用  

Biological Fermentation of Swine Manure and Application in Facilities Vegetable Production

作　　者：郭全忠[1] 常权记[1] 惠永安[1] 龚晓松[1] 王秋利[1] 成云 

机构地区：[1]安康学院农学与生命科学院,陕西安康725000 [2]汉阴县联发农业科技开发有限公司,陕西汉阴725100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第10期202-206,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科研项目(09JK313);陕西省安康市科技计划项目(08AK06-06);安康学院科研重点项目(2008AKXY008)

摘　　要：为了解决无公害设施蔬菜生产中有机肥源不足及规模养猪场废弃物有效利用问题,提出猪粪快速堆肥在设施蔬菜生产中的应用技术,在安康市汉阴县联发农业科技开发有限公司养猪场及其设施蔬菜栽培基地进行了猪粪生物发酵试验和田间配方施肥田间试验,分析了猪粪生物发酵过程中各成分的变化及其与不同比例化肥配合施用对设施番茄产量和品质等方面的影响。结果表明,采用RW酵素对猪粪发酵处理,猪粪温度迅速升高,最高达66.9℃;至腐熟时含水量下降71.5%,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量均有不同程度的降低,养分有少量损失。田间试验表明,单施发酵猪粪对设施番茄增产效果并不明显,发酵猪粪与化肥配合施用较单施化肥增产11.3%~12.9%,效果较显著;发酵猪粪不论是单施还是与化肥配合施用均能提高番茄果实的水溶性糖含量,降低番茄果实酸度,改善果实品质。猪粪快速堆肥与设施栽培中配方施肥技术相结合,是提高无公害设施蔬菜生产水平,保持生态环境持续发展的有效措施。In order to solve the inadequate organic manure resources in facility unpolluted vegetable production and efficient application of the wastes in the large-scale hoggery,and to propose rapid composting techniques of swine manure in facility vegetable production,we tested the biological manure fermentation and field formulated fertilization in the hoggery of Lianfa Development Limited Company of Agricultural Science and Technology of Hanyin County of Ankang city of Shaanxi province,analyzed changes of different components in the process of biological manure fermentation and effects of formulated fertilizers in different ratios of manure and chemical fertilizers on yields and qualities of the facility tomato.The results showed that the treatment of RW ferment to swine manure fermentation could make temperature rapid up to the highest 66.9 ℃,and water content down 71.5 percent at the well-composted stage,the organic matters,the content of the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and the total potassium decreased at various degrees and the nutrient loss with a small amount.Field experiment showed that yield increment in single application of fermented swine manure was not significant.However,in the mixed application of fermented swine manure and chemical fertilizers,yield increased significantly by 11.3-12.9 percent.In single applying and co-applying treatments,the fermented manure could increase water-soluble sugar content,decrease acidity,improve the quality of the tomato fruit.It was demonstrated that rapidly-composted swine manure combining with the formulated fertilization techniques is necessary for improving the production level of facilities unpolluted vegetables and keeping ecological environment sustainable development.

关 键 词：猪粪 有机肥 设施蔬菜 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S147.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]