含铅和无铅汽油汽车尾气成分和致突变性  

The Compositions and Mutagenicity of Engine Exhaust Induced by Leaded Gasoline and Leadfree Gasoline

作　　者：袁东[1] 周伟[1] 叶舜华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学环境卫生教研室

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》1999年第3期125-127,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：探讨含铅和无铅汽油汽车尾气成分和致突变性，使用含铅、无铅两种汽油，分别检测尾气中的一氧化碳（ＣＯ）和碳烃类化合物（ＨＣ）及颗粒物水平，同时利用气相色谱－质谱联用（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）对颗粒物吸附的有机物进行了分析并采用中国仓鼠肺细胞（ＣＨＬ）体外微核实验检测了致突变性。结果显示无铅汽油能显著地减少ＣＯ、ＨＣ及颗粒物的排放，但两种汽油尾气颗粒物有机提取物均能诱导ＣＨＬ细胞微核率的升高，两种汽油一定量的颗粒有机提取物致突变性差异无显著性。To explore the compositions and mutagenicity of engine exhaust induced by leadedgasoline and leadfree gasoline,the levels of carbon monoxide,hydro carbons and particulates in the engine exhaust were determined.The compositions and mutagenicity of the organic extracts of exhaust particulate matters were determined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer(GC/MS) assay and CHL cells micronucleus assay in vitro respectively.The results showed that leadfree gasolinefueled engine produced lower levels of CO,HC and particulates in the exhaust.Both the organic extracts from the exhausts induced by two kinds of gasoline resulted in the increase of the micronucleus rates of CHL cells.There were no significant different mutagenicity induced by organic extracts from the engine exhaust produced by two kinds of gasoline.

关 键 词：汽车尾气 致突变性 微核试验 铅 汽油 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X132