自贡市空气污染及人群暴露量研究  

The Study on Air Pollution and Exposure Levels of the Pollutants Among Population in Zigong

作　　者：付文昭[1,2,3] 冯亚平[1,2,3] 黄新生 宋义宽[1,2,3] 杨勇[1,2,3] 李忠荣 张月科[1,2,3] 邹兰华[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]四川省卫生防疫站 [2]四川省卫生厅 [3]自贡市卫生防疫站

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》1999年第3期139-141,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：为研究空气污染与人群健康的关系，对１０６１例不同职业人群暴露在不同微环境的暴露时间及该环境中主要污染物如可吸入尘（ＩＰ）、二氧化硫（ＳＯ２）、氮氧化物（ＮＯｘ）、硫化氢（Ｈ２Ｓ）和一氧化碳（ＣＯ）暴露水平进行调查。结果表明，人群一日中平均暴露时间最长为卧室，长达１４．３３ｈ／ｄ，占５９．７４％，厨房暴露１．６３ｈ／ｄ，占６．７５％。人群平均总暴露量为５４．８３８ｍｇ／ｄ，退休人员最高（５９．０６５ｍｇ／ｄ），其次为售货员和交警司乘人员。燃煤户人群总暴露量（５７．９７６ｍｇ／ｄ）为燃气户人群总暴露量（２２．６９３ｍｇ／ｄ）的２．４倍。在使用清洁燃料天然气的微环境中，可吸入尘、氮氧化物及苯并（ａ）芘污染物暴露水平与燃煤无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。非吸烟人群总暴露量与呼吸系疾病的症状体征阳性率相关具有显著性（ｒｓ＝０．７１４，Ｐ＜０．０５）。To study the relationship between the air pollution and human health,the exposure levels of inhalable particle (IP),sulfur dioxide (SO2),nitrogen oxides (NOx),hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monooxide(CO)in different microenvironments and its exposure times of 1 061 persons with various occupation were determined.The results showed that the environment with the longest average exposure time during one day was bedroom,in which the exposure time reached 1433 h/d which took 5974% of the total exposure time.The exposue time in kitchen was 163 h/d which took 675% of the total.The total exposure level of above five pollutants among population reached 54838 mg/d averagely.The population with the highest exposure level was the retired people (59065 mg/d),the next were the salesmen,traffic,policemen,motor drivers and their attendants.The total exposure level among the families using coal as fuel (57976 mg/d)was 24 times as high as the families using natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas as fuel (22693 mg/d).No significant differences of the exposure levels to IP,NOx and benzo(a) pyrene were observed in the environments with the application of clear fuelnatural gas and coal (P>005)The significant correlation between the total exposure levels during per day and the positivc rates of symptoms and signs of respiratory diseases were also observed among population without smoking(r=0714,P<005).

关 键 词：暴露 空气污染 呼吸系统 症状 

分 类 号：X510.31[环境科学与工程—环境工程]