新疆和田县农村改水效益评价  

Benefit Evaluation on the Improvement of Drinking Water Supply in Hetian County of Xinjiang Autonomous Region

作　　者：陶勇[1,2,3,4,5] 陈昌杰[1,2,3,4,5] 奴尔斯曼.艾山 张仪[1,2,3,4,5] 徐新根 曹兆进 刘景兰[1,2,3,4,5] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生与卫生工程研究所 [2]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅改水项目办公室 [4]新疆和田县改水办 [5]新疆和田县卫生局

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》1999年第3期142-144,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：全国爱委会资助;日本世界卫生组织协会(JWA)资助

摘　　要：为评价新疆和田县农村改水所产生的效益，用流行病学和卫生经济学方法对其饮用水水质变化、受益人群状况、介水传染性疾病（肝炎、痢疾、伤寒和霍乱）及其经济损失进行了分析。结果表明：截止到１９９５年底，全县累计投资３４４８．３５万元。受益人口占总人口的９５％。其中饮自来水人口占８０％，饮手动泵井水的占２０％。改水后的饮用水水质有了明显的改善，其中色度、浑浊度指标均１００％达到一级水标准，１９个自来水厂源水的微生物指标９５％符合一级水标准。本次调查虽然未见介水传染性疾病的发病率明显下降，但是疾病的地区分布，流行区域较以前的流行模式有所不同，据调查，１９９６年霍乱和伤寒病例发生的区域仅局限在个别自然村，这就避免了出现大流行的可能性。从疾病的经济损失分析看，仅这四种传染病所造成的经济损失占和田县农业总产值的０．１１％。To evaluate the benefit of improvement on drinking water supply,the sanitary quality of drinking water,the benefited population,the prevalence of waterborne infectious diseases (hepatitis,dysentery,typhoid and cholera)and economical loss were investigated and analysed with epidemiological and health economic methods.The results showed that:by the eud of 1995 the accumulative total investment in the improvement of drinking water supply reached to 34.4835 million Yuan.The benefited population took 95% of the total population.80% of the beneftied people drank tap water and 20% drank hand pump water.The sanitary quality of drinking water was further improved significantly than before.Color and turbidity of all water samples reached the sanitary standard surface water as firstclass.The levels of microcrganisms for 95% of source water samples from water source supplying 19 water plants met the sanitary standand surface water as firstclass.Although no significant decreases of the incidence rates of waterborne infectious diseases was observed after the water quality improvement,but distribation of epidemic region and epidemic models were different than before. In 1996 the cases of cholera and typhoid were fonnd in only few villages,which reduced the possibilites of their extensive epidemic.The analysis of econoimical loss caused by four watevborne diseases metioned above revealed that it was 0.11% of the total agriculture output value.

关 键 词：改水 介水传染病 效益评价 新疆 农村 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学] F323.213[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]