施氮对不同品种冬小麦氮素累积和运转的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Accumulation,Distribution and Translocation of Different Winter Wheat Varieties

作　　者：柴彦君[1,2] 熊又升[1] 黄丽[2] 袁家富[1] 徐祥玉[1] 刘晔[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第10期2040-2046,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B09);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB121107);湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目(2007-620-003-03-06)

摘　　要：在鄂北岗地以当地主栽的5个冬小麦品种‘鄂麦14’、‘鄂麦18’、‘鄂麦23’、‘郑麦9023’、和‘洛麦1号’为试验材料,通过田间裂区试验在不施氮(0 kg/hm2)和施氮(195 kg/hm2)条件下研究不同品种小麦氮素的累积、转移与分配规律的差异。结果表明:(1)在扬花期,不施氮处理叶片、茎鞘和穗部氮素累积量均为‘鄂麦14’最大,积累量分别达到14.2、16.6和10.8 kg/hm2;施氮后‘鄂麦23’的叶片氮素积累量最大(71.5 kg/hm2),‘鄂麦14’的茎鞘积累量最大(69.0 kg/hm2),‘鄂麦18’的穗部积累量最大(34.2 kg/hm2)。(2)成熟后不同部位氮素转移效率表现为叶片>穗>茎鞘,且叶、茎鞘、穗氮素转移效率存在品种差异;不同品种间氮肥效率差异显著,并以‘鄂麦23’的氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率最高,而‘郑麦9023’的氮肥生理效率最高。(3)在氮胁迫条件下,扬花前‘鄂麦14’各器官氮素累积量、成熟期的氮素转移率及籽粒氮素累积量都显著高于其它品种;而在施氮条件下,冬小麦各器官氮素的累积、转移与分配因品种不同而异,‘鄂麦14’和‘鄂麦23’籽粒及植株氮素累积量都显著高于其它品种。研究发现,冬小麦氮素的累积、转移与分配受品种与氮素调控共同影响;施氮能显著提高各器官氮素的累积量,且提高的幅度因品种而异。The experiment was carried out to study the differences of nitrogen accumulation,distribution and translocation of different varieties of wheat：＇Emai 14＇,＇Emai 18＇,＇Emai 23＇,＇Zhengmai 9023＇,＇Luomai 1＇,under nitrogen application（195 kg/hm2）and no nitrogen application（0 kg/hm2）in Yellow-cinnamon soils of northern Hubei mound.The results show that nitrogen accumulation,distribution and translocation of winter wheat were affected by varieties and nitrogen regulation.Nitrogen accumulation of each organ was increased remarkably and the increased rates were different among the varieties under the N application.Under no N application,leaf（14.2 kg/hm2）,stem sheath（16.6 kg/hm2） and spike（10.8 kg/hm2） nitrogen accumulation of ＇Emai 14＇ were the highest during anthesis stage.Leaf nitrogen accumulation of ＇Emai 18＇,stem sheath and spike nitrogen accumulation of ＇Luomai 1＇ were the lowest,respectively.While under the N application,leaf（71.5 kg/hm2） nitrogen accumulation of ＇Emai 23＇,stem sheath（69.0 kg/hm2） nitrogen accumulation of ＇Emai 14＇ and spike（34.2 kg/hm2） nitrogen accumulation of ＇Emai 18＇ were the highest.Compared to other organs,the nitrogen were accumulated mainly in the leaf before anthesis stage and the nitrogen accumulation of stem sheath were the highest during anthesis stage.The nitrogen transportation efficiency of different organs after mature stage ranked in the following order,leafspikestem.There were significant differences among the different organs in N translocation rate.The nitrogen efficiencies of different varieties were different significantly.The nitrogen recovery and N agronomy efficiency of ＇Emai 23＇ were the highest,the nitrogen physiology efficiency of ＇Zhengmai 9023 ＇ was the highest.In the condition of no nitrogen application,the nitrogen accumulation in different organs before the anthesis stage and the nitrogen accumulation in grain,the nitrogen translocation rate after mature stage of ＇Emai 14＇ were

关 键 词：品种 冬小麦 氮素 积累 转运分配 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]