仁用杏起源演化的孢粉学研究  

Palynological Study on the Origin and Systematic Evolution of Kernel-using Apricots

作　　者：刘有春[1,2] 陈伟之[3] 刘威生[1] 刘宁[1] 张玉萍[1] 刘硕[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树科学研究所,国家果树种质熊岳李杏圃,辽宁营口115009 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866 [3]沈阳农业大学分析测试中心,沈阳110866

出　　处：《园艺学报》2010年第9期1377-1387,共11页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：作物种质资源保护项目(NB08-2130135-03);国家科技基础条件平台重点项目(2005DK21002-19)

摘　　要：运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)系统观察了杏亚属中普通杏、西伯利亚杏和仁用杏的花粉形态,并采用平均连锁法对花粉的10个数量性状和2个质量性状进行聚类分析。结果显示:供试杏属花粉均为单粒花粉,等极,辐射对称,极面观为三角形或钝三角形,赤面观均为椭圆形,花粉具3-孔沟环状萌发孔,由内孔和沟组成,内孔明显外凸,椭圆形,覆有不规则拟网状雕纹且独立于外壁,沟较长,通常延伸至两极。表面纹饰为条纹,有或无穿孔,外壁表面有翘皮状、山脊状、颗粒状和疣状附属物,并认为存在于不同种和不同起源的品种间特异的附属物可作为分类和亲缘关系研究的重要依据。聚类分析和主坐标分析结果可将供试试材分为3组,即仁用杏组、普通杏与西伯利亚杏混合组、普通杏与仁用杏混合组,认为多数仁用杏起源于普通杏与西伯利亚杏的天然杂交种,部分还可能直接起源于普通杏甜仁类型。从孢粉学上支持西伯利亚杏比普通杏进化的观点。The characters of pollen grains from 20 apricots representing Prunus armeniaca L.,P.sibirica L.and kernel-using apricots of subgenus Armeniaca were investigated with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）cluster analysis,using average linkage means,was then conducted with 10 quantitative and 2 qualitative traits from palynological data.The results showed that all pollen grains of subgenus Armeniaca were monads,isopolar,radially symmetrical,triangular or obtuse-triangular in the polar views, elliptical in the equatorial views,and the pollen was tri-colporate,which was consisted of an ecto-porus and a colpus,the ecto-porus obviously convex,elliptic,covered with irregular reticulate-like pattern and independent of the exine,the colpus usually elongated,entending nearly to the two poles.Pollen with striate ornamentation,presence or absence for perforation,four appurtenance types on the exine surface,such as turnup-like,ridge-like,granular and verrucate,and it is suggested that the between different apricot accessions could be used as important indicator for classification and phylogenetic relationships analysis in this subgenus.Both cluster and principal coordinate analysis classed 20 apricots into three groups：Kernel-using apricots group,mixed group of P.sibirica and P.armeniaca and mixed group of P.armeniaca and kernel-using apricots.The present study suggested that the most kernel-using apricots originated from the natural hybrid of P.armeniaca and P.sibirica,some may also be directly originated from sweet kernel type of P.armeniaca.Moreover,P.sibirica should be more evolutionary than P.armeniaca.

关 键 词：杏 仁用 普通杏 西伯利亚杏 孢粉学 亲缘关系 起源 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]