突发事件现场有毒气体检测方法评价  

Evaluation on test methods of poisonous gas in accident site

作　　者：张瑜[1] 史黎薇[2] 吴宜群[3] 任改英[2] 井海宁[2] 孙承业[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2010年第5期339-342,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：科技部国家科研院所社会公益研究专项中毒事件预警;应急和控制技术研究(2004DIB1J037)

摘　　要：目的评价检气管法和便携式电化学气体检测仪测定有毒气体在突发中毒事件现场的适用性和局限性。方法通过实验方法对两种方法检测常见有毒气体的精密度、准确度进行了定量评估。并结合文献,对常用现场气体检测方法进行了介绍。结果检气管法检测氨气、一氧化碳、硫化氢的准确度分别为2.9%~17.1%、10.2%~22.6%、2.0%~12.0%,精密度为5.1%~8.4%、2.5%~10.0%、3.1%~9.6%;便携式电化学气体检测仪的准确度分别为1.2%~8.2%、0.1%~0.8%、2.0%,精密度为2.3%~7.9%、1.0%~3.1%、10%。结论推荐检气管可作为有毒气体如氨、一氧化碳、硫化氢等中毒应急定性、半定量检测的首选方法;便携式电化学气体检测仪可作为单一气体中毒时低浓度定量、半定性检测的首选方法;不分光红外线气体分析仪法作为一氧化碳的首选应急检测方法。Objective To evaluate the applicability and limitation of gas detection tube and portable electrochemical gas detector in identifying type and concentration of toxic gases in accident site.Methods Various common toxic gases were determined by gas detection tube and portable electrochemical gas detector,and the precision and accuracy of the two methods were all calculated for quantitative assessment.Additionally,other toxic gas rapid analytic methods were also introduced on the basis of literature research.Results The accuracies of gas detection tube in determination of NH3,CO and H2S varied in the range of 2.9%—17.1%,10.2%—22.6% and 2.0%—12.0%,the precisions varied in the range of 5.1%—8.4%,2.5%—10.0% and 3.1%—9.6%,respectively.Whereas,the accuracies of portable electrochemical gas detector varied in the range of 1.2%—8.2%,0.1%—0.8% and 2.0%,and the precisions varied in the range of 2.3%—7.9%,1.0%—3.1% and 10%,respectively.Conclusion It is suggested that gas detection tube should be a preferred method for NH3,CO and H2S qualitative or semi-quantitative determination in emergencies,portable electrochemical gas detector is a preferred method for analyzing the single gas quantitative or semi-qualitative determination at low concentrations,while nondispersive infrared（NDIR）gas analysis may be used as a preferred method for carbon monoxide emergent detection.

关 键 词：硫化氢 氨气 一氧化碳 气体检测管装置 便携式电化学气体检测仪 应急 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]