北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性  

Water-Holding Characteristics of the Litter under Main Tree Species Plantations in Beijing Xishan Mountainous Areas

作　　者：张峰[1] 彭祚登[1] 安永兴[1] 陈峻崎[2] 任云卯 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京市园林绿化局,北京100029 [3]北京市西山实验林场,北京100093

出　　处：《林业科学》2010年第10期6-14,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：北京市科委重大科技项目"北京山区森林健康经营关键技术研究与示范"(D0706001000091)

摘　　要：在北京西山森林健康试验示范区内,刺槐、侧柏、元宝枫、黄栌、油松、栓皮栎林下枯落物的持水特性进行研究。结果表明:1)6个不同树种林下枯落物总蓄积量分别为油松26.01t·hm-2,元宝枫10.95t·hm-2,栓皮栎10.82t·hm-2,刺槐8.96t·hm-2,黄栌8.90t·hm-2,侧柏4.52t·hm-2,其大小顺序为油松>元宝枫>栓皮栎>刺槐>黄栌>侧柏;2)不同树种林下枯落物持水量、吸水速率与浸水时间的动态变化规律基本相似,未分解层枯落物持水量均大于半分解层枯落物持水量,枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈正相关关系,并且枯落物在水中浸泡8h时,其持水量基本达到最大值;枯落物未分解层和半分解层吸水速率在0～2h最快,在4～6h后逐渐减缓,6h后明显减缓,未分解层和半分解层吸水速率基本趋向一致;3)不同树种林下枯落物最大持水率范围为75.44%～278.65%,针叶树种的最大持水率均低于阔叶树种,但由于油松林下枯落物的蓄积量明显大于其他阔叶树种,故研究区内不同树种林下枯落物最大持水量的大小顺序为:油松>栓皮栎>元宝枫>刺槐>黄栌>侧柏;4)不同树种林下枯落物有效拦蓄深分别为栓皮栎2.33mm,油松2.12mm,元宝枫2.00mm,刺槐1.19mm,黄栌0.89mm,侧柏0.23mm。This paper mainly studied water-holding characteristics of forest litter of six tree species（Robinia pseudoacacia,Platycladus orientalis,Acer truncatum,Cotinus coggygria,Pinus tabulaeformis,Quercus variabilis） in Beijing Xihan forest health demonstration areas. The results showed that： 1） The total litter storages in the 6 different forests were： 26. 01 t·hm^-2 for A. truncatum,10. 82 t·hm^-2 for Q. variabilis,8. 96 t·hm^-2 for C. coggygria and 4. 52 t ·hm^-2 P. orientalis. The order was P. tabulaeformis 〉A. truncatum〉 Q. variabilis〉 R. pseudoacacia 〉C. coggygria 〉P. orientalis. 2） The dynamic changes in water-holding capacity,water-absorbent rate and time of forest litters under different forests were basically similar. Water-holding capacity of the non-decomposed litter was greater than that of the half-decomposed litter. The water holding capacity of litter had a positive correlation with the duration of water immersion. Being immersed in water for 8 h,the forest litter usually reached its maximum water-holding capacity. That is to say,after 8 h,the water holding capacity had no longer significant changes with further increase in soaking time;in the initial 2 h,the water-absorbent rate of non-decomposed and half-decomposed litter was fastest;in 4-6 h afterimmersion,the rate rapidly decreased;6 h later,the rate of decline slowed down significantly,and the water-absorbent rates of the two kinds of litters converged. 3） The largest water holding ratio ranged from 75. 44 percent to 278. 65 percent among different forest litters. The biggest water holding ratio of conifer species was smaller than that of the broad-leaved species except Pinus tabulaeformis forest litter which had significantly higher ratio than other broad-leaved species. The order of the greatest water-holding capacity in different forest litters was： P. tabulaeformis 〉Q. variabilis〉 A. truncatum 〉R. pseudoacacia 〉C. coggygria 〉P. orientalis. 4） The effective retain of different f forest litters was： Q. v

关 键 词：北京西山 枯落物 持水特性 

分 类 号：S718.56[农业科学—林学]