19世纪东西洋士人所记录的汉语官话  

Mandarin Dialects as Recorded by Western and Eastern Intellectuals in the 19th Century

作　　者：陈辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学韩国研究所,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2010年第6期105-113,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(09BYY045)

摘　　要：19世纪初,英国传教士马礼逊曾预言:如果清朝统治长久持续,那么鞑靼汉语(北京官话)终将赢得汉语的正统地位。随着国门的洞开,一方面,外国传教士以及外交和商务人员从各自的需要出发,分别选取南京官话和北京官话作为学习汉语的对象,编辑了许多汉语官话字典和教材,北京官话越来越为外国士人所重视;另一方面,中国士人夷夏之辨观念的逐渐改变和近代国家意识的确立,使北京官话越来越拥有政治优势,在19世纪与20世纪交替之际,终于取代南京官话的优势地位,成为清朝的国语标准,马礼逊预言成真。梳理19世纪东西洋士人所留下的有关汉语官话的文献史料,我们不难发现南京官话和北京官话在中国人语言生活中的优势此消彼长的过程。At the beginning of the 19th century,Robert Morrison of London Missionary Society predicted that Tartar-Chinese Dialect,i.e.Peking Mandarin,would finally win the position of standard Mandarin Chinese if the Qing Government continued its reign over China.As China was opening up to the world,on one hand,foreign missionaries and Western diplomats and businessmen took Nanking Mandarin and Peking Mandarin respectively as their target language,and compiled many Chinese dictionaries and textbooks to meet their own needs.In the meanwhile,they attached more and more importance to Peking Mandarin.On the other hand,with the gradual changes of the idea of ″Yi Xia Distinction″ and the establishment of the national consciousness in modern times,Peking Mandarin increasingly gained political superiority over Nanking Mandarin,and finally became the Qing Dynasty＇s standard national language at the turn of the 20th century.Thus,Robert Morrison＇s prediction came true.From the literature review on Mandarin Chinese by Western and Eastern intellectuals of the 19th century,it is not difficult to recognize the ebb and flow of Nanking Mandarin and Peking Mandarin in the development of Mandarin Chinese.

关 键 词：汉语官话 南京官话 北京官话 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]