夏季北冰洋浮冰-水道热力学特征现场观测研究  

OBSERVATIONS ON THE THERMODYNAMICS MECHANISM OF THE FLOE-LEAD SYSTEM IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN DURING SUMMER

作　　者：雷瑞波[1] 李志军[2] 程斌 杨清华[4] 李娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国极地研究中心 [2]大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室 [3]Finnish Meteorological Institute,FI-00014 Helsinki,Finland [4]国家海洋环境预报中心

出　　处：《极地研究》2010年第3期286-295,共10页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40930848);挪威科学委员会项目(AMORA;193592)资助

摘　　要：中国第3次北极科学考察期间于2008年8月20-28日首次开展了浮冰-水道系统热力学特征的现场观测。观测结果表明,观测期间气温低于0℃,调查区域正从消融期向生长期过渡,至8月23日水道逐渐封冻。之后表层薄冰对应320—950nm区间的总反照率为0.46(±0.03),水道内水温垂向梯度逐渐减小,水道内和冰底的水温逐渐下降。至8月底,浮冰底部进入融冰末期;侧部仍处于融冰期,平均融冰速率对应的平均融解潜热通量为21(±6)W/m2;对观测区的海冰而言,至8月下旬,相对于底部和表面的生消,侧部融化对其物质平衡贡献较大。The thermodynamics mechanism of the system involving a floe and a small lead in the Arctic Ocean has been observed during the ice-camp period in the third Chinese Arctic Research Expedition from 20to 28August,2008.The field measurements include surface air temperature above the floe,albedo of the lead,seawater temperatures in the lead and under the floe,the lateral and bottom mass balance of the floe.The surface air temperature kept being sub-zero Celsius degree during the observation.Sea ice has commenced its annual cycle of growth in response to autumn cooling.The surface of the lead was frozen-up by 23August.From then onward,the albedo of the thin ice-covered lead in band of 320—950nm was 0.46（±0.03）,the vertical seawater-temperature gradient in the lead,as well as the seawater temperatures both in the lead and under the floe decreased gradually,while the oceanic heat under the ice was being at a low level.By the end of the observation,the thickness of the investigated floe has reached its annual minimum,while the lateral of the floe was in the melt phase,with mean melt rate of 1.0（±0.3）cm/d during the measurement,responding to an equivalent latent heat flux of 21esponding the urement,malt phase,with the mean 21212121（±6）W/m2.The lateral melt of the floe showed the most significant contribution to the sea-ice mass balance when comparing with the surface and bottom mass balances of the floe for our investigated region by the end of August.

关 键 词：海冰 水道 热力学 温度 厚度 北冰洋 

分 类 号：P731.15[天文地球—海洋科学]