杏棉间作对棉花害虫与捕食性天敌的影响  

Effects of Interplanting of Cotton and Apricot on Cotton Pests and Predatory Natural Enemies

作　　者：王伟[1] 姚举[1] 李号宾[1] 张瑜 王东[3] 马国兰[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆出入境检验检疲局,乌鲁木齐830063 [3]莎车县农业技术推广中心,新疆莎车844700

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2010年第9期1897-1901,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑项目“棉花重大病虫害防控技术”(2006BAD21B02-3);国家“十一五”科技支撑项目“新疆维吾尔棉区棉花虫害的综防技术集成与示范”(2006BAD08A07-06);新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅"棉花重大病虫害防控技术"(200731133-3)

摘　　要：【目的】比较单作棉田、杏棉间作棉田(东西)和杏棉间作棉田(南北)棉花害虫及捕食性天敌的发生动态。【方法】2008～2009年5月中旬～8月中旬定期系统调查各类棉田节肢动物数量,每7 d调查1次,调查全株节肢动物种类和数量。【结果】杏棉间作棉田牧草盲蝽和棉叶螨发生量轻于单作棉田。棉蚜(Aphis gossypiiG)中度发生时(2008年),单作棉田棉蚜发生量显著性高于杏棉间作棉田;棉蚜轻度发生时(2009年),三类田无差异。杏棉间作对棉蓟马(Thrips tabacci L.)发生量影响不大。棉蚜轻度发生年份(2009年),间作田和单作棉田棉蚜发生量无显著差异,但间作田瓢虫和食虫蝽较多;棉蚜中度发生年份(2008年),单作棉田由于棉蚜数量较多,瓢虫和食虫蝽也较多。2 a中间作田棉花上的蜘蛛数量均多于单作棉田。杏树走向对棉叶螨的发生有影响作用,棉间杏田(南北)棉叶螨量高于棉间杏田(东西),但对棉蚜、牧草盲蝽和棉蓟马发生量影响不大。【结论】杏棉间作不利于棉花上牧草盲蝽(Lygus pratensis L.)和棉叶螨(Tetrangchus urticae K)的发生。棉田瓢虫和食虫蝽天敌受间作和棉蚜发生量的双重影响。间作有利于蜘蛛数量的增加。【Objective】In 2008 and 2009,a systematic survey was made in a cotton field and two cotton-apricot-interplanting fields in Shache county,Xinjiang province,to determine the effects of interplanting of cotton and apricot on cotton pests and predatory natural enemies.【Method】The arthropod community was investigated every seven days,the species and number were recorded.【Result】Result showed that：the population densities of T.urticae K and L.pratensis L significantly reduced in the cotton-apricot field in 2008 and 2009.The interplanting also reduced the number of A.gossypii G in 2008 when this pest showed a mediate occurrence,but there was no significant difference in 2009 when this pest showed a light occurrence.There were no significant difference on the population densities of A.gossypii G in cotton field and cotton-apricot field,but there were two more natural enemies in cotton-apricot field when A.gossypii G showed a light occurrence in 2009.There were more A.gossypii G,ladybirds and bugs in cotton field when A.gossypii G showed a mediate occurrence in 2008.There were significant difference on the population densities of spiders between the cotton field and the cotton-apricot field.There were more spiders in cotton-apricot field than that in cotton field in both 2008 and 2009.The direction of apricot trees line influenced the occurrence of T.urticae,but had little effect on the occurrence of A.gossypii G, T.tabacci L and L.pratensis L in cotton.There were more T.urticae on cotton in the fields of south-north direction apricot tree line than that of east-west direction apricot tree line.【Conclusion】Interplanting of these two plants had a negative effect on the occurrence of Aphis gossypii G,Tetrangchus urticae K and Lygus pratensis L.Interplanting and the occurrence of A.gossypii G had double influence on the occurrence of ladybirds and bugs.Interplanting was propitious to increase the population of spider.

关 键 词：棉花 杏树 间作 棉花害虫 自然天敌 

分 类 号：S562.048[农业科学—作物学] S435.62