沙漠腹地乔木状沙拐枣对灌水量的生理生态响应  

Ecophysiological Responses of Calligonum arborescens Litv. to Irrigation Volume in the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：梁少民[1,2,3] 张希明[1] 曾凡江[1,2] 张仲伍[4] 邱士可[3] 闫海龙[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测站,新疆策勒848300 [3]河南省科学院地理研究所,河南郑州450052 [4]山西师范大学城市与环境科学学院,山西临汾041004

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第6期1348-1353,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421302);新疆科技重大专项(200733144-2);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC54B01);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX3-SW-342-02);科技部"西部开发科技行动"重大项目(2004BA901A21-1)共同资助

摘　　要：对不同灌水量条件下塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地乔木状沙拐枣(Calligonum arborescens Litv)的水分生理、生长和土壤水分进行了动态测定与分析。结果表明:①在35、24.5kg·株-1·次-1和14kg·株-1·次-1的灌水量下,土壤水分活跃层分别为:0～200、0～160cm和0～100cm。根系区土壤水分为3%～4%条件下,沙拐枣能正常生长,低于2.5%就会受到水分胁迫。②早晨和午后,沙拐枣的水势随着灌溉后时间的增加而降低,前期降幅较大。随着灌水量的减小,其水势降低较快,在14kg·株-1·次-1处理下,灌溉3d后早晨水势和午后水势分别达到-1.3MPa和-2.19MPa。③随着灌水量的减少沙拐枣的日耗水量急剧减小,液流速率也快速降低,灌溉后第15天,在24.5kg·株-1·次-1和14kg·株-1·次-1的灌水量下沙拐枣液流速率都为双峰型曲线,第25天3个处理都呈双峰型曲线。④不同灌水量下,沙拐枣的基径、新枝长度以及新枝直径的年增长量都随着灌水量的减少而减小,方差分析表明灌水量对新枝长度的影响非常显著(P=0.05)。We studied the physiological characteristics and growth rate of Clligonum.arborescensand the soil moisture under different irrigation volumes in the shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.The results showed：（1）Under irrigation volume of 35,24.5 and 14 kg per plant once,the depth that soil moisture changed are 0—200,0—160 cm and 0—100 cm respectively.When the soil moisture around root is between3%and 4%,the plant can grow normally,but the plant will suffer water stress if the soil moisture is lower than 2.5%.（2）Water potential of C.arborescens in predawn and afternoon reduces with time lapsing after irrigation,and the fall amount of water potential is more during the fore part.Water potential falls more fast with less irrigation.Especially,the water potential in predawn and afternoon reaches-1.3 MPa and-2.19 MPa respectively just three days after irrigation of 14 kg per plant once.（3）The average daily water consumption and sap flow rate of C.raborescens reduce sharply during less irrigation volume.Diurnal variation of sap flow rate is double-peaked curve at the 15th day after irrigation of 24.5 and 14 kg per plant once.Diurnal variation of sap flow under three treatments is double-peaked curve until the 25th day.（4）The stem diameter,twig length,twig diameter and growth of C.raborescens decrease with the decreasing of irrigation volume.The effect of irrigation volume on the twig length is especially significant（P=0.05）.

关 键 词：灌水量 土壤水分 水势 日耗水量 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：Q945.17[生物学—植物学]