春季晴天与阴天草原辐射和能量平衡特征的一次对比观测  

Surface Heat and Radiation Budget over Semi-arid Grassland in a Clear Day and a Cloudy Day during Early Spring

作　　者：岳平[1,2] 牛生杰[3] 张强[1] 刘秀兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]张掖国家气候观象台,甘肃张掖734000 [3]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第6期1464-1468,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40705005;40765001;40830957;41075008);"973"计划前期专项(2008CB417312-02)共同资助

摘　　要：利用2008年3月锡林浩特国家气候观象台通量观测系统获取的资料,对草原初春晴天和阴天地表能量和辐射平衡特征进行了对比。结果显示,初春典型晴天总辐射、反射辐射、向下和向上长波辐射的最大值分别为801W·m-2、203W·m-2、197W·m-2和390W·m-2;阴天总辐射与反射辐射明显减弱,峰值分别为595W·m-2、147W·m-2,向下、向上长波辐射最大值分别为290W·m-2和182W·m-2。晴天感热、潜热、土壤热通量和净辐射的日积分值分别是6.58MJ·m-2·d-1、1.05MJ·m-2·d-1、-0.25MJ·m-2·d-1和5.89MJ·m-2·d-1,阴天感热、潜热、土壤热通量和净辐射的日积分值分别是1.15MJ·m-2·d-1、0.49MJ·m-2·d-1、-0.08MJ·m-2·d-1和1.65MJ·m-2·d-1。典型晴天地表反照率早晚大,中午最小,最小值为0.26;而阴天受云的影响,最小值仅为0.22,且日变化不明显。By using the micrometeorology data observed at Xilingol grassland on 12—13 March,2008,the characteristics of diurnal variations（in a clear day and a cloudy day）of surface radiation budget,heat budget and albedo over this semi-arid grassland were researched.On the clear day,the maximal value of total radiation,up-ward short radiation,down-ward long radiation and up-ward long radiation was 801 W·m-2,203 W·m-2,197 W·m-2and 390 W·m-2,respectively.On the cloudy day it was 595 W·m-2,147 W·m-2,290 W·m-2and182 W·m-2,respectively.As for the sensible heat fluxes,potential heat flux,soil heat flux and net radiation,the value was 6.58 MJ·m-2 ·d-1,1.05 MJ·m-2·d-1,-0.25 MJ·m-2·d-1 and 5.89 MJ·m-2·d-1 respectively on a clear day,but only 1.15 MJ·m-2·d-1,0.49 MJ·m-2·d-1,-0.08 MJ·m-2·d-1and 1.65 MJ·m-2·d-1 respectively on a cloudy day.In the diurnal curves,the albedo in the morning and afternoon is larger than that at noon on the clear day and the minimal value is 0.23;there is not obvious diurnal fluctuations on the cloudy day and the minimal value is 0.22.

关 键 词：草原 辐射平衡 反射率 

分 类 号：P422[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]