渭河流域气候变化与区域分异特征  

Climate Change of Weihe River Basin and Its Regional Differences

作　　者：焦彩强[1] 王飞[1,2] 穆兴民[1,2] 李锐[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第5期27-32,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"黄土高原水土流失综合治理工程关键支撑技术研究与示范"(2006BAD09B00);欧盟框架计划项目"土地荒漠化缓解与修复"(DESIRE;FP6;037046);西北农林科技大学留学归国人员科研专项"延河流域水土保持生态服务价值评价"(01140405)

摘　　要：基于渭河流域分布区4个中国地面国际交换站气候资料,分析了1951—2007年风、气温、降水量、日照时数和相对湿度等气候要素变化及区域分异特征。结果表明,研究期间渭河流域年平均风速和年最大风速均呈现出减小的趋势。近年来年平均风速和年最大风速没有明显变化,且均小于平均值。年降水量没有明显的突变年份,但总体上,1987年后的年降水量平均值明显小于1987年前的年降水量平均值。日降水量≥0.1mm日数自1993年后均小于平均值,但是在1993—2007年期间没有明显变化。渭河流域年平均气温和最低气温均呈现出明显上升趋势,分别以0.544,0.509,0.386,0.667℃/10a的速度上升,远大于全球近50a来0.13℃/10a的平均增温速率,年气温极差增大。日照时数呈现出区域分异特点,不同地区的日照时数变化也有所不同,东北部日照时数呈现出增加趋势,其它区域则呈现出减少趋势。相对湿度呈现出明显的下降趋势。渭河流域气候呈现出暖干化变化趋势。Based on the meteorological data from China meteorological data sharing service system,climate change of Weihe River basin and its regional difference from 1951 to 2007 were analyzed.Results showed that the annual maximum wind speed and the average wind speed presented a decreasing trend,but they have no significant change in recent years and were less than the average.The annual precipitation of Weihe River basin had no abrupt change,but on the whole,the average annual precipitation after 1987 was significantly less than that before 1987.The days for ≥ 0.1 mm daily precipitation after 1993 were less than average,but had no significant change from 1993 to 2007.The annual mean temperature and the minimum temperature of the basin showed a increasing trend,rising at the rates of 0.544,0.509,0.386,and 0.667 ℃/10 a,respectively.The rates were all far greater than the average global warming rate of 0.13 ℃/10 a in nearly 50 years,which indicates a great increase in the annual temperature.Number of sunshine hours in Weihe River basin showed different characteristics.The change of sunshine hours was also different in different regions.In the northeast,sunshine hours showed an increasing trend,but in other regions,showed a decreasing trend.Relative humidity of Weihe River basin showed an obvious decreasing trend.The climate change of Weihe River basin showed a warming and drying trend.

关 键 词：渭河流域 气候变化 暖干化 距平累积 Mann—Kendall检验 

分 类 号：S162.1[农业科学—农业气象学]