巢湖水环境质量时空演变特征及成因分析  

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Water Environment and Their Causes in Chaohu Lake

作　　者：方凤满[1] 金高洁[2] 高超[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241003 [2]安徽师范大学附属中学,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第5期178-181,220,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：安徽自然灾害过程与防控研究省级实验室和安徽省哲学社会科学规划课题(AHSKF07-08D35)

摘　　要：以巢湖湖体12个监测点多年监测资料分析巢湖水环境时空分布特征,并探究其成因。结果得出,在时间序列上,巢湖水体高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总磷(TP)浓度在1995—2007年间变幅不明显;而总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH3—N)浓度下降趋势显著;叶绿素a(Chla)指标除2003年外变幅较微弱。空间分布上,比较1995—1999年和2000—2007年2个时段,CODMn高浓度地区在西湖区有所扩张,TP向西湖区有所收缩,NH3—N高浓度地区从派河入湖口、塘西一带转至南淝河、桥南且面积收缩,TN和Chla在西湖区浓度仍高于东湖区,而pH值在东湖区的槐林地区较高。总体而言东湖区水环境质量好于西湖区,近年来水环境有改善趋势。巢湖水环境时空演变缘由可能是丰富的外源汇入加剧水环境压力,持续的内源释放加重富营养化程度和适宜的生长环境易诱发大规模蓝藻爆发。The data of COD_Mn,NH_3—N,TP,TN,Chla,and pH were collected at the 12 monitoring points in Caohu Lake.Then,the spatiotemporal characteristics of water environment and their causes were analyzed.Results showed that the trends of COD_Mn and TP in the lake were in a slight fluctuation from 1995 to 2007,but there were significant decreases in TN and NH_3—N.Chla had no obvious change except in 2003.Compared between the periods from 1995 to 1999 and from 2000 to 2007,the area of higher COD_Mn concentration was enlarged in the west lake from 2000 to 2007 and the area of TP was reduced in the west lake at the same period.The area of higher NH_3—N concentration migrated from the Paihe River inlet to Qiaonan area.TN and Chla concentrations in the west lake were higher than those in the east lake,but pH was high in Huailin in the east lake.In a word,water environment in the east lake was better than that in the west lake and water environment in the two lake areas has improved in recent years.The causes for the spatiotemporal characteristics of water environment in Chaohu Lake are possibly the point source pollution from industrialization,non-point source pollution from agriculture and living pollution from city,increased eutrophication by the steadily increased endogenous release,and a growth environment easy to induce water bloom and bad water environment.

关 键 词：水环境 时空演变 巢湖 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]