砀山酥梨园树体结构的调查研究  

Investigation of Tree Structure in Dangshan Pear Orchards

作　　者：刘吉祥[1] 张绍铃[1] 袁江[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学梨工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第24期12997-12998,13003,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业科技专项经费项目(3-38)资助

摘　　要：[目的]研究砀山酥梨树生物学指标与高产稳产的关系,确立其丰产园的梨树树体结构,为砀山酥梨大面积丰产示范提供依据。[方法]选择10、30和50年生的砀山梨园,每个树龄分别选择高产、中产和低产3种果园,每种梨园选10株树,对其树体结构进行调查。[结果]树龄10年,产量为31020kg/hm2的丰产园,长、中和短枝比例为10.5%、26.7%和62.8%,叶面积系数为3.31,枝果比5.79∶1,叶果比56∶1;树龄30年,产量为36735kg/hm2的丰产园,长、中和短枝比例为6.5%、25%和68.5%,叶面积系数为3.26,枝果比4.67∶1,叶果比37∶1;树龄50年,产量为29775kg/hm2的丰产园,长、中和短枝比例为5.6%、30.3%和64.1%,叶面积系数为2.89,枝果比5.29∶1,叶果比42∶1。[结论]中产树的各项树相指标有利于维持树体的生长结果平衡,获得最佳经济效益,更符合丰产稳产要求。[Objective]To investigate the relationship between biology indexes and yield for Dangshan pear tree,establish pear tree body structure of productive orchards and provide a basis for large area demonstration of high yield of Dangshan pear tree.[Method]Dangshan pear orchards at 10,20 and 50 year old were selected and high,middle and low yield orchard were respectively selected from each tree age orchards.A total of 10 pear trees were selected as experimental material in each kind of orchard.[Result] For 10-year-old productive orchard with yield of 31 020 kg/hm2,the long ,middle and short branch percentage were 10.5%,26.7% and 62.8%,respectively,leaf area index was 3.31,branch-fruit ratio was 5.79：1,leaf-fruit ratio was 56：1;for 30-year-old productive orchard with yield of 36 735 kg/hm2,the long,middle and short branch were 6.5%,25% and 68.5%,respectively,leaf area index was 3.26,branch-fruit ratio was 4.67：1,leaf-fruit ratio was 37：1;for 50-year-old productive orchard with yield was 29 775 kg/hm2,the long ,middle and short branch were 5.6%,30.3% and 64.1%,repectively,leaf area index was 2.89,branch-fruit ratio was 5.29：1,leaf-fruit ratio was 42：1.[Conclusion]Every tree structure index of middle yield tree are beneficial to maintain the balance of tree growth and fruit,obtain best economic benefit,comparing with other two kind of pear tree,thereby more suitable for the requirement of high and steady yield.

关 键 词：砀山酥梨 树龄 树体结构 产量 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]