铅污染区女性孕期血铅浓度变化及其影响因素  

Blood Lead Concentration and Possible Influential Factors during Pregnancy in a Lead-polluted Area

作　　者：项张华[1] 邵迪初 王波[2,3] 史宏辉[1] 梅允淼 叶虹[1] 吴翠娥[2] 李凭健[2] 傅华[2] 

机构地区：[1]余姚市疾病预防控制中心,浙江余姚315400 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [3]上海市计划生育科学研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2010年第2期83-86,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]探讨铅污染区女性孕期不同阶段血铅浓度及其影响因素。[方法]采用前瞻性队列研究方法,以孕妇为研究对象,测定孕早期[孕(12±2)周]和孕晚期[孕(36±2)周]血铅浓度,并结合问卷信息分析其影响因素。所有研究对象均知情同意后加入队列。[结果]研究对象孕早期、孕晚期血铅浓度几何均数分别为0.15μmol/L和0.19μmol/L。孕晚期血铅浓度明显高于孕早期,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,相对于未每天食用蔬菜的孕妇,每天食用蔬菜的孕妇孕早期血铅对数值高0.16个单位,孕晚期高0.15个单位;有过孕前重金属接触史的孕妇孕早期血铅对数值比报告无孕前金属接触史的孕妇要高0.12个单位;受教育程度高的孕妇较受教育程度低的孕妇,孕晚期血铅对数值要低0.09个单位。[结论]血铅浓度在孕期的不同阶段是变化的,孕早期血铅浓度与食用轻度铅污染蔬菜频率、孕前是否存在重金属接触有关;孕晚期血铅浓度与食用轻度铅污染蔬菜频率及孕妇受教育程度有关。[Objective] To investigate the change of blood lead concentration and possible influential factors during pregnancy in a lead-polluted area.[Methods] It was a prospective cohort study.Pregnant women were recruited as participants and all respondents signed an informed consent before participating in the study.Blood lead concentration in different phase of pregnancy（early pregnancy and late pregnancy）was examined to identify the status of participants＇ lead exposure.Besides,interviews were conducted among participants to collect the information of factors related to their blood lead concentration with questionnaire.[Results] The geometric mean of blood lead concentration of participants was 0.15 μmol/L in early pregnancy and it increased to 0.19 μmol/L in late pregnancy.Statistically significant difference（P 〈0.05）was found between the two stages.The multivariate analysis showed that,the logarithm of blood lead concentration of pregnant women who ate vegetables everyday was 0.16 in the early stage and 0.15 in the late stage of pregnancy,both higher than those who didn＇t eat vegetables everyday.The logarithm of blood lead concentration of those who had a history of heavy mental exposure before pregnancy was 0.12,higher than those who didn＇t in early pregnancy.The logarithm of blood lead concentration of pregnant women with higher educational level was 0.09,lower than those with lower educational level in late pregnancy.[Conclusion] The blood lead concentration of pregnant women changes during the pregnancy.Eating lead-contaminated vegetables and having a history of heavy metal exposure seem to be significant factors related to pregnant women＇s blood lead concentration in early pregnancy.In late pregnancy,eating lead-contaminated vegetables and participants＇ educational degree are two significant factors related to blood lead concentration.

关 键 词：血铅 孕期 影响因素 

分 类 号：R126[医药卫生—环境卫生学]